Table 1 characteristics of the included studies
Authors/date | Source | Models | sex | Sample size Int/ctrl | Substance induced diabetes | Daily dose | Ginger form | Duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yi J-K et al. 2019 [25] | South Korea | C57BL/6J mice | M | 6/3 | STZ | 5, 10 mg/kg | 6-shogaol | 2 weeks | - ↓ histopathological change in kidney - ↓ blood glucose |
Rehman MU et al. 2019 [26] | India | Albino wister rats | M | 6/6 | STZ/ HFD | 50, 100 mg/kg | Zingerone | 16 weeks | - ↓ kidney damage - ↓ HbA1c - ↓ ROS - ↑ GSH, GPx, GR, SOD, and CAT - ↓ TC, LDL-C, TG and ↑ HDL-C - ↓TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1β and NF-κB - ↓ BUN, Cr |
Xu Y et al. 2018 [27] | China | C57BL/KsJ db/db obese mice | M | 10/10 | db/db | 25, 50 mg/kg | 6-shogaol | 12 weeks | - ↓ FBS, insulin, C peptide, and HbA1c - ↓ BUN, Cr, urinary albumin - ↓ TG and TC - ↓ pathological injuries of kidneys - ↓ TNFɑ, IL-6 and NFκB - ↓ GSH |
Irshad F et al. 2018 [28] | Pakistan | Albino wister rats | M | 15/15 | Alloxan | 200 mg/kg | aqueous extract | 5 weeks | - ↓ Cr - ↓ kidney weight |
Cui Y et al. 2018 [21] | China | C57BL/KsJ db/db obese mice | M | 15/15 | db/db | 50 mg/kg | Zingerone | 10 weeks | - ↓ insulin, C peptide, and HbA1c - ↔FBS - ↓ BUN, Cr, urinary albumin - ↓ TG and TC - ↓ TNF-ɑ and IL-6 - ↓ MDA - ↑ GSH - ↓ ROS - ↓ renal pathological change - ↓ kidney weight |
Al Hroob AM et al. 2018 [29] | Egypt | Albino wistar rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 400, 800 mg/kg | ethanolic extract | 6 weeks | - ↓ FBS and HbA1C - ↓ BUN, Cr, urea, and urine albumin - ↓ kidney damage - ↓ MDA - ↑ GSH, SOD, and CAT - ↓ TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 - ↓ TG, TC, and LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C |
Abdulsalam K et al. 2016 [22] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wister rats |  | 10/10 | NR | (0.5 − 2%) of ginger freeze-dried or extract | zingerone | 6 weeks | - ↔ BUN, uric acid and urea - ↑ Cr - ↑ blood glucose |
Kazeem MI et al. 2015 [24] | Nigeria | Albino Wistar rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 1.0 mL 500 mg/kg free and bound polyphenol | Acetone extracts | 42 days | - ↓ urea - ↔ Cr - ↓ blood glucose - ↑ insulin - ↓ pathological change in kidney |
Hanna ET et al. 2014 [30] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 7/7 | Alloxan | 0.5%, 1%, 5% | powder | 6 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓TC and TG, LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C - ↓Cr and urea |
Hajhosieni L et al. 2014 [31] | Iran | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | STZ | 100 mg/kg | powder | 8 weeks | - ↓MDA - ↑ TAC - ↓ kidney damage |
Khaki A et al. 2010 [32] | Iran | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | STZ | 100 mg/kg/day | powder | 30 days | - ↓ pathological change in kidney - ↓ MDA - ↑TAC |
Afshari AT et al. 2006 [33] | Iran | Albino wister rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 5% of daily food intake | powder | 8 weeks. | - ↓ MDA - ↑ TAC - ↓ renal nephropathy |
Al-Amin ZM et al. 2006 [34] | Kuwait | Sprague Dawley rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 500 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 7 weeks. | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ TC, TG - ↓ urine protein |
Al-Attar AM et al. 2007 [23] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | STZ | 5% and 2.5% of diet | oil | 2 weeks | - ↑blood glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, and ↓ HDL-C - ↑ urine protein, urea, uric acid - ↓ Cr |
Elshater A-EA et al. 2009 [35] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | Alloxan | 4ml/kg | Aqueous extract | 6 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ TC, TG, LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C - ↓ Cr, urea, uric acid |
Shanmugam K et al. 2009 [36] | India | Albino wistar rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 200 mg/kg | Ethanolic extract | 30 days | - ↓ blood glucose |
El-kott AF et al. 2010 [37] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 8/8 | Alloxan | 400 mg/kg | powder | 4 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↑ insulin - ↓ BUN - ↔ Cr, uric acid - ↓ pathological change in kidney |
Kadah M 2010 [38] | Egypt | Albino wistar rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 2.5 g, 0.9% | Powder or oil | 8 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↑ insulin - ↓ TC, TG, LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C - ↓ urea, Cr - ↑ GPx and GSH - ↓ histopathological change in kidney |
Ramudu SK et al. 2011 [39] | India | Albino wistar rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 200 mg/kg | Ethanolic extract | 30 days | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ renal tissue injuries |
Abdulrazaq NB et al. 2012 [40] | Malaysia | Sprague-dawley rats | M | NR | STZ | 100, 300, 500 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 30 days | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ kidney weight |
Ramudu SK et al. 2011 [41] | India | Albino wister rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 100, 200 mg/kg | Ethanolic extract | 30 days | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ MDA - ↓ TC, TG - ↓ pathological changes in kidney tissue |
Shanmugam KR et al. 2011 [42] | India | Albino wister rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 1% and 2% of the diet | powder | 30 days | - ↓ blood glucose - ↑ SOD, CAT, GPX, GR, and GSH - ↓ MDA - ↓ pathological changes in kidney |
Eleazu C et al. 2013 [43] | Nigeria | Albino wister rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 10% of food intake | powder | 3 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ urinary protein - ↔ kidney weight |
Sangi S et al. 2018 [44] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wister rats | M | 5/5 | STZ | 1000 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 3 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ urea, creatinine - ↓ TG, TC and HDL-C |
Sangi S et al. 2017 [45] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wister rats | M | 5/5 | STZ | 6% of diet | powder | 8 weeks | - ↓ pathological change of kidney |
Irshad F et al. 2018 [46] | Pakistan | Albino wister rats | M | 15/15 | Alloxan | 200 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 5 weeks | - ↓ kidney damage |
Abd Elwahab AH et al. 2015 [47] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | Alloxan | 300 mg/kg of | Ethanolic extract | 4 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ urea, Cr and urine albumin - ↓ kidney damage - ↑ GSH - ↓ TNFα |
Hassan DR et al. 2017 [48] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 7/7 | STZ | 125, 250, 500 mg / 100 g of diet | powder | 4 weeks | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ MDA - ↑ GSH - ↓ urea, Cr, uric acid |
Jiyil M et al. 2019 [49] | India | Albino wister rats | M | 5/5 | STZ | 400 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 21 days | - ↓ blood glucose - ↓ TC, TG and ↑ HDL-C - ↓ urea, uric acid, Cr |
Al-Qudah MM et al. 2018 [50] | Jordan | Albino wister rats | F | 5/5 | Alloxan | 500 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 21 days | - ↓ histopathological change in kidney |
Kumari P et al. 2020 [51] | India | mice | NR | NR | Alloxan | 80 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 16 weeks | - ↓ urea, uric acid - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ pathological change in kidney |
Almatroodi SA et al. 2021 [52] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wistar rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 10 mg/kg | 6-gingerol | 8 weeks | - ↓ FBS - ↓ TC, TG and LDL-C - ↓ urea, Cr - ↓ MDA - ↑ GSH, CAT, SOD - ↓ TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β - ↓ kidney damage |
payami S-A et al. 2018 [53] | Iran | Albino wister rats | M | 4/4 | STZ | 200, 400 mg/kg | Hydroalcoholic extract | 8 weeks | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ urinary protein and Cr - ↓ histopathological change in kidney |
Taha AM et al. 2020 [54] | Egypt | Albino wister rats | M | 10/10 | STZ | 500 mg/kg | powder | 6 weeks | - ↓ LDL-C and TC - ↓ urea |
Irshad F et al. 2018 [55] | Pakistan | Albino wister rats | M | 15/15 | Alloxan | 200 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 5 weeks | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ Histopathological change in kidney |
Johti M et al. 2016 [56] | India | Albino wister rats | M | 6/6 | STZ | 10 mg/kg | Zingerone | 30 days | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ TC, TG, LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C - ↓ Histopathological change in kidney |
Thomson M et al. 2013 [57] | Kuwait | Sprague –dawley rats | M | 14/10 | STZ | 500 mg/kg | Aqueous extract | 8 weeks | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓Cr, uric acid - ↓ Urine protein - ↑ insulin |
Al-Qattan KK et al. 2007 [58] | Kuwait | Sprague¬ dawley rats | M | 10/10 | STZ | 500 mg/kg | extract | 7 weeks | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ Histopathological change in kidney - ↓ Urine protein |
Yassin S et al. 2019 [59] | Egypt | Sprague¬ dawley albino rats | M | 8/8 | STZ | 200 mg/kg | Ethanolic extract | 42 days | - ↓ Histopathological change - ↓ Uric acid, BUN and Cr - ↓ Blood sugar, HbA1c and ↑ Insulin - ↑ GPx, SOD and CAT - ↓ TC, TG, LDL-C and ↑ HDL-C |
Ghudhaib KK. 2018 [60] | Iraq | Mice | NA | 10/10 | Alloxan | 50, 100 mg/ml | Ethanolic extract | 30 days | - ↓ TC, TG and ↑HDL-C - ↔ Cr, uric acid and ↓ Urea - ↓ Blood sugar and ↑insulin - ↑TAC |
Al Malki WH et al. 2018 [61] | Saudi Arabia | Albino wister rats | M | 20/20 | STZ/ HFD | NR | 6- shogaol | 16 weeks | - ↓ Blood glucose - ↓ BUN, Cr and urine protein - ↓ NFκB, TNFα - ↓ Renal damage |