Fig. 2

A Immunohistochemical quantification of Aβ 1–42 plaques and photomicrographs of hematoxylin-stained brain sections from different animal groups showing Aβ 1–42 plaques B Mean number of p-tau-positive cells and photomicrographs of hematoxylin-stained brain sections from different animal groups showing AT8-labeled neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the hippocampus of T2D rats. C. Effects of C. dioscoridis extract on the hippocampal level of GSK-3β. D Effects of C. dioscoridis extract on the hippocampal level of caspase 3. The data represent mean ± SE for n = 10 per group. ††p < 0.01 vs. NC + veh, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. T2D + veh and ## p < 0.01 vs. T2D + DON (ANOVA). Aβ: amyloid-β, AT8: phospho-tau epitope, GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta. NC: normal control; veh: vehicle;CD50: C. dioscoridis extract 50 mg/kg; CD100:C.dioscoridis extract 100 mg/kg;CD150: C. dioscoridis extract 150 mg/kg; DON: donepezil