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Table 1 Reversal of FCZ resistance in yeast cells overexpressing Cdr1 and Mdr1 by extracts from Argentinian flora

From: Extracts from Argentinian native plants reverse fluconazole resistance in Candida species by inhibiting the efflux transporters Mdr1 and Cdr1

Plant species

Extract concentration (µg/mL)

FR

Candida albicans 1114 (CaMdr1/CaCdr1)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD/CaMDR1

Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD/CaCDR1

Candida glabrata 109 (CgCdr1)

Acalypha communis

200

16

Nd

32

16

100

16

Nd

8

16

50

8

Nd

8

8

25

4

8

4

8

12.5

-

-

-

-

Argemone subsusiformis

200

2

Nd

-

-

100

-

16

-

-

50

-

-

-

-

Baccharis salicifolia

200

2

Nd

-

-

100

-

32

-

-

50

-

16

-

-

25

-

4

-

-

12.5

-

-

-

-

Flourensia campestris

200

2

32

-

-

100

-

32

-

-

50

-

16

-

-

25

-

4

-

-

12.5

-

-

-

-

Flourensia oolepis

200

2

16

4

-

100

-

16

-

-

50

-

4

-

-

25

-

-

-

-

Ligaria cuneifolia (host Condalia buxefolia)

200

2

2

-

-

100

-

-

-

-

Ligaria cuneifolia (host Lithrea molleoides)

200

2

2

-

-

100

-

-

-

-

Ligaria cuneifolia (host Vachelia sp.)

200

2

2

-

-

100

-

-

-

-

Lithrea molleoides

200

2

Nd

-

-

100

-

Nd

-

-

50

-

Nd

-

-

25

-

Nd

-

-

12.5

-

2

-

-

6.25

-

-

-

-

Lorentzianthus viscidus

200

2

2

-

-

100

-

-

-

-

Monnina dictyocarpa

200

2

8

-

-

100

-

4

-

-

50

-

-

-

-

Pterocaulon alopecuroides

200

4

Nd

4

8

100

-

Nd

-

2

50

-

8

-

-

25

-

-

-

-

Solanum atriplicifolium

200

8

8

8

8

100

4

4

4

8

50

4

-

-

8

25

4

-

-

4

12.5

-

-

-

-

Solanum palinacanthum

200

2

8

-

-

100

 

4

-

-

50

-

-

-

-

Solanum salicifolium

200

2

2

-

-

100

-

-

-

-

FK506

40 µM

16

Nt

8

16

20 µM

4

Nt

8

8

  1. FR Fold Reversal. -: absence of activity, Nd not determined due to the antifungal activity of the extracts at these concentrations, Nt not tested since FK506 is a classical inhibitor of ABC efflux pumps [40]