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Table 2 Distribution of mentions (n = 212) of TCAM modalities used for hypertension in the Philippines

From: Prevalence, determinants and outcomes of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use for hypertension among low-income households in Malaysia and the Philippines

Type of TCAM (by domain)

% of mentions

 Natural and biologically-based products

90.6

  Annona muricata (guyabano/soursop) leaves

20.3

  Cymbopogon sp. (lemongrass) leaves, tea, roots

19.8

  Rauvolfia serpentina (serpentina) leaves

12.3

  Blumea balsamifera (sambong) leaves

11.3

  Pandanus amaryllifolius (pandan) leaves, tea

3.8

  Cymbopogon citratus (tanglad) leaves

3.3

  Lagerstroemia speciosa (banaba) leaves

2.8

  Allium sativum (garlic) oil, tea, with honey, capsules

2.8

  Coleus amboinicus (oregano) leaves

2.8

  Eleusine indica (paragis) leaves, grass, tea

2.8

  Vitex negundo (lagundi) leaves

2.4

  Moringa oleifera (malunggay) leaves

2.4

  Musa sp. (banana) leaves

1.9

 Ehretia microphylla (tsaang gubat), tea or juice

1.9

 Manipulative and body-based systems

7.5

  Massage

6.1

  Hilot (traditional Filipino massage)

0.5

  Physical Therapy

0.5

  Reflexology

0.5

 Energy therapies

0.5

  Acupuncture

0.5

 Other non-medical, non-herbal

1.4