Table 1 Studies included in the meta-analysis
Author, year | Sample size | Mean age(±SD) gender (male/female) | Ethnicity | Cancer, Cancer stage | Treatment status | Intervention group: form of intervention, time, frequency, drops/per time, length of intervention | Type of aroma oils | Control group: control measure, length of program, contamination | Sleep quality scale | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhou et al.,2021 [15] | AG 43 CG 43 | 44.00 AG 30/13 CG 23/20 | Chinese | liver cancer Not reported | Perioperative period | Aromatherapy inhalation 9 p.m., 1 time per day,5 drops, 2 weeks | Lavender | Usual care, 2 weeks | PSQI | Not reported |
Shammas et al., 2021 [16] | AG 24 CG 17 | AG 46.70 CG 48.20 female | American | Breast cancer Not reported | Perioperative period | Aromatherapy inhalation One day before surgery until discharge,4 drops | Lavender | Placebo (Coconut oil), One day before surgery until discharge | RCSQ | None |
Hamzeh et al.,2020 [17] | AG1 40 AG2 40 CG 40 | 49.47 ± 14.52 AG1 14/26 AG2 16/24 CG 22/18 | Iranian | Various Not reported | Not reported | Aromatherapy inhalation 9 p.m.,1 time per day,3 drops,1 week | AG1 Peppermint AG2 Lavender | Placebo (Aromatic distilled water), 1 week | PSQI | Not reported |
Kawabata et al.,2020 [18] | AG 27 CG 30 | AG 76.50 ± 10.70 11/16 CG 74.90 ± 12.90 13/17 | Japanese | Various Advanced cancer | Not reported | Aromatherapy massage 8 p.m.,1 time,1 day | Compound essential oils (Lavender and orange) | Usual care, not reported | RCSQ | Not reported |
Li et al.,2020 [19] | AG 52 CG 48 | AG40.70 ± 6.20 CG 42.40 ± 7.30 female | Chinese | Breast cancer I–IV | Undergoing chemotherapy | Aromatherapy inhalation 8 p.m.,1 time per day,2 drops,6 mouths | Lavender | Usual care, 6 courses, not reported | PSQI | Not reported |
Heydarirad et al., 2019 [20] | AG1 15 AG2 15 CG 15 | AG1 47.60 ± 10.76 3/12 AG2 50.00 ± 13.94 6/9 CG 50.20 ± 18.54 8/7 | Iranian | Not reported | Not reported | Aromatherapy inhalation Half an hour before going to bed,1 time per day,5 drops,2 weeks | AG1 5% rose AG2 10% rose | Usual care, 2 weeks, not reported | PSQI | Headache: 2 Sneezing: 1 |
Blackburn et al.,2018 [21] | AG 22 CG 28 | 50.00 22/28 | American | Leukemia Not reported | Undergoing chemotherapy | Aromatherapy inhalation 9 p.m.,1 time per day,8 drops,3 weeks | Lavender/ Peppermint/ Chamomile | Placebo (Rose water), 3 weeks | PSQI | None |
Ozkaraman et al., 2018 [22] | AG1 30 AG2 20 CG 20 | AG1 57.73 ± 12.81 6/24 AG2 57.55 ± 12.87 3/17 CG 59.65 ± 13.37 2/18 | Turk | Various Not reported | Undergoing chemotherapy | Aromatherapy inhalation 9 p.m.,3 drops,2 courses | AG1 Lavender AG2 Tea tree oil | Usual care, not reported | PSQI | Not reported |
Li et al., 2018 [23] | AG 60 CG 60 | 63.20 ± 9.02 89/31 | Chinese | Stomach cancer I–IV | Perioperative period | Aromatherapy inhalation 9 p.m.,1 time per day,1 day | Geranium | Usual care, not reported | PSQI | Not reported |
Qi et al., 2016 [24] | AG 34 CG 35 | AG 62.12 ± 10.13 21/13 CG 62.00 ± 8.83 19/16 | Chinese | Colorectal cancer I–III | Perioperative period | Aromatherapy inhalation Afternoon and night,2 time per day,3 drops,10 days | Compound essential oil (Lavender, geranium, bergamot, prepared according to 1:2:3) | Usual care not reported | PSQI | Not reported |