Fig. 4

RWF extract induced ER-stress pathways in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. a-e The mRNA expression levels of ER stress-associated genes in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells by qRT-PCR. f BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells were treated with 0, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml RWF for 24 h. The cells treated with 10 mM DTT for 4 h were used as the positive controls for XBP1 gene splicing. The amplicon sizes of XBP1u and XBP1s were 261 bp and 235 bp, respectively. u, unspliced form; s, spliced form. g Immunoblots of ER stress-associated proteins in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells treated with RWF extract for 24 h