Chemical composition, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil

Caputo, Lucia; Capozzolo, Francesca; Amato, Giuseppe; De Feo, Vincenzo; Fratianni, Florinda; Vivenzio, Giovanni; Nazzaro, Filomena

doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03583-4

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 4 Capability of M. communis EO and its main components to inhibit the biofilm metabolic activity

From: Chemical composition, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil

Time	Myrtle EO (mg/ml)			Myrtenyl acetate (mg/ml)			1,8-Cineole (mg/ml)			α-Pinene (mg/ml)			Linalool (mg/ml)
0	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2
EC	21.49 (± 0.57)	27.15 (± 1.33)	37.59 (± 0.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	61.34 (± 1.67)^****	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0.0)	0 (± 0)	6.19 (± 0.15)	33.75 (± 1.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	56.72 (± 1.67)^****
LM	6.81 (± 0.57)	38.74 (± 0.57)	68.06 (1.57)	20.05 (± 2.05)^****	39.25 (± 3.32)	41.73 (± 2.05)	0 (± 0)	39.62 (± 4.56)	55.17 (± 1.33)	27.72 (± 1.67)^****	29.83 (± 0.57)	67.71 (± 2.33)	33.42 (± 1.67)^****	43.42 (± 0.57)	54.47 (± 3.67)
PC	23.56 (± 1.33)	57.93 (± 1.67)	60.82 (± 1.67)	46.18 (± 1.07)^****	59.10 (± 2.33)	60.77 (± 2.57)	20.38 (± 2.33)	30.44 (± 4.21)	35.65 (± 2.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	36.81 (± 1.67)	0 (± 0)	62.31 (± 3.33)	77.84 (± 2.67)^****
PA	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	50.19 (± 1.57)	95.12 (± 1.33)^****	95.72 (± 0.57)^****	96.99 (± 0.57)^****	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	31.32 (± 1.67)^****	40.22 (± 1.33)	30.12 (± 1.33)^****	48.54 (± 2.57) ^****	59.59 (± 3.33) ^***
SA	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	50.29 (± 1.67)^****	78.13 (± 1.67)^****	0 (± 0)	5.76 (± 0.57)^*	12.03 (± 0.57)^***	76.23 (± 1.67)^****	78.07 (± 1.67)^****	89.41 (± 1.67)^****	0 (± 0)	72.34 (± 3.56)^****	77.05 (± 4.87)^****
24 h	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2
EC	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	6.36 (± 1.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	32.29 (± 1.67)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0.0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	16.62 (± 1.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)
LM	24.44 (± 1.57)	61.65 (± 2.67)	68.65 (± 1.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	50.89 (± 2.67)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	2.59 (± 1.67)	22.56 (± 1.67)	42.80 (± 2.25)	43.73 (± 2.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)
PC	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	64.11 (± 1.67)	36.28 (± 1.67)	52.70 (± 2.25)	68.70 (± 2.25)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	35.75 (± 1.25)	63.27 (± 1.67)	71.59 (± 1.67)	27.86 (± 0)	45.04 (± 4.34)	45.20 (± 2.34)
PA	13.43 (± 1.67)	32.86 (± 2.24)	45.44 (± 1.57)	37.77 (± 1.73)	53.62 (± 1.57)	70.79 (± 1.67)	9.65 (± 0.15)	20.35 (± 0.65)	52.79 (± 2.21)	11.21 (± 0.86)	30.31 (± 1.57)	65.31 (± 1.67)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	38.10 (± 0.57)
SA	31.86 (± 1.67)	51.10 (± 1.45)	65.30 (± 2.25)	34.52 (± 0.57)	63.39 (± 1.67)	69.77 (± 1.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	11.33 (± 1.33)	26.77 (± 2.67)	35.88 (± 1.57)	17.98 (± 0)	37.44 (± 1.57)	44.92 (± 3.67)
48 h	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2	0.4	1	2
EC	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	26.53 (± 1.67)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	31.08 (± 0.0)	3.44 (± 0)	10.23 (± 0.15)	45.84 (± 1.33)	0 (± 0)	5.14 (± 0)	8.77 (± 0.57)
LM	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	60.63 (1.57)	17.74 (± 2.06)	39.17 (± 3.32)	49.97 (± 2.05)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	53.92 (± 1.33)	25.67 (± 1.67)	45.49 (± 0.57)	61.83 (± 2.33)	0 (± 0)	4.19 (± 0.57)	55.51 (± 3.67)
PC	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	4.09 (± 2.33)	14.07 (± 4.21)	38.28 (± 2.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 3.33)	24.18 (± 1.67)
PA	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	23.04 (± 1.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	15.73 (± 0.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	43.89 (± 0)	20.56 (± 0)	40.30 (± 1.67)	40.71 (± 1.33)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	14.51 (± 1.13)
SA	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	44.96 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	7.37 (± 0.57)	12.44 (± 0)	31.36 (± 0.57)^*	32.19 (± 0.57)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	32.19 (± 1.21)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)	0 (± 0)

The test was performed with 0.4, 1 and 2 mg/ml that were added at time zero, on 24 h-biofilms and on 48 h-biofilms, using the MTT assay. Results are reported as percent of inhibition respect to the control (for which the inhibition was assumed = 0). Results are the mean of three experiments (± SD). EC: E. coli; LM: L. monocytogenes; PC: P. carotovorum; PA: P. aeruginosa; SA: S. aureus. * p < 0.05;*** p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 compared with values obtained with EO (ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisontest)

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