Transcranial photobiomodulation add-on therapy to valproic acid for pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in peripubertal rats

Table 3 Latencies to the onset of stage 1–7 seizures

Saline		tPBM + Saline	PTZ	VPA + PTZ			VPA + tPBM + PTZ
VPA dosage (mg/kg)	0	0	0	100	200	400	100	200	400
Stage 1	1800 ± 0^a	1800 ± 0^a	419.0 ± 280.2	415.8 ± 272.8	146.8 ± 80.17	147.9 ± 21.78	932.6 ± 366.7	495.6 ± 333.5	659.3 ± 570.4
Stage 2	1800 ± 0^b	1800 ± 0^b	520.5 ± 280.4	185.7 ± 30.93	424.7 ± 180.3	716.1 ± 244.0	799.2 ± 281.3^c	931.8 ± 282.4	1136 ± 523.0
Stage 3	1800 ± 0^d	1800 ± 0^d	369 ± 66.93	263.3 ± 28.31	676.2 ± 135.8	925.7 ± 121.3	433.6 ± 126.8	349.0 ± 36.93	659.3 ± 151.2
Stage 4	1800 ± 0	1800 ± 0	851.2 ± 301.1	496.5 ± 146.0	795.5 ± 208.7	1527 ± 176.5	1009 ± 326.0	691.2 ± 164.0	1102 ± 397.9
Stage 5	1800 ± 0^e	1800 ± 0^e	324.7 ± 41.53	367.2 ± 46.44	856.5 ± 205.3	1660 ± 140.0	498.4 ± 95.08	514.6 ± 101.0	1311 ± 463.1
Stage 6	1800 ± 0^f	1800 ± 0^f	330.2 ± 41.77	466.5 ± 71.5	1161 ± 494.3	3600 ± 0	505.6 ± 93.93	1145 ± 621.8	1923 ± 922.1^g
Stage 7	5400 ± 0	5400 ± 0	3667 ± 511.1	4340 ± 160.0	5400 ± 0	5400 ± 0	3816 ± 684.0	5400 ± 0	5400 ± 0

Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM
^asignificant difference (p < 0.05) in respect to the latency to stage 1 seizures in the PTZ group
^bsignificant difference (p < 0.05) in respect to the latency to stage 2 seizures in the PTZ group
^csignificant difference (p < 0.05) in respect to the latency to stage 2 seizures in the low-dose VPA (100 mg/kg) + PTZ group
^dsignificant difference (p < 0.0001) in respect to the latency to stage 3 seizures in the PTZ group
^esignificant difference (p < 0.0001) in respect to the latency to stage 5 seizures in the PTZ group
^fsignificant difference (p < 0.0001) in respect to the latency to stage 6 seizures in the PTZ group
^gsignificant difference (p < 0.05) in respect to the latency to stage 6 seizures in the high-dose VPA (400 mg/kg) + PTZ group

ISSN: 2662-7671