Fig. 3

Latencies to the onset of stage 1–7 seizures. The latency to the onset of stage 1–7 seizures in the tPBM + saline group (white bar), PTZ group (blue bar), low-dose (100 mg/kg) VPA group (light-gray bar), low-dose VPA with tPBM add-on therapy (pink bar), medium-dose (200 mg/kg) VPA group (gray bar), medium-dose VPA with tPBM add-on therapy (salmon pink bar), high-dose VPA (400 mg/kg, darkslategray bar), and high-dose VPA with tPBM add-on therapy (red bar), *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001