Fig. 6

Susceptibility of the herbal (H) toothpaste against P.gingivalis compared with CHX, NaOCl and the control. a) The H toothpastes slurries, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite killed P.gingivalis in the biofilms. The control was the non-treated biofilm. Representative images of the blue formazan crystals revealed high viability of the bacteria in the control and chlorhexidine groups. b) Statistical comparison between the groups indicated that the H toothpaste had a higher efficacy to kill P. gingivalis than CHX, but less than sodium hypochlorite *** = p < 0.001 compared with control, ^♯♯♯ = p < 0.001 compared with CHX toothpaste