Fig. 7

Fluorescence microscopic images of bacterial cell death via AO/EB staining of (a) S. aureus, and (b) V. cholerae, after treatment with neem seed extracts. Each longitudinal panel in both figures indicates AO (Acridine Orange) and EB (Ethidium Bromide) stained live and dead bacterial cells, respectively. Live bacteria emit green fluorescence and dead bacteria emit red fluorescence. Vertical panel Ci and Cii corresponds to bacterial growth at 37˚C for 18 h after AO and EB staining, respectively; Vertical panel Ui and Uii correspond to bacterial growth treated with unripe neem seed extract after AO and EB staining, respectively; Vertical panel Ri and Rii correspond to bacterial growth treated with ripe neem seed extract after AO and EB staining, respectively. Scale bar: 20 μm