Fig. 4

TFA displays anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects in vitro. A The cytotoxicity of TFA on MDCK cells was tested by MTT assay. B The cytopathic effect inhibition assay evaluated the antiviral activity of TFA by MTT test. MDCK cells were cultivated in a 48-well plate and infected with PR8 (MOI = 0.01) for 2 h, then TFA was added to the medium. The cells were harvested at 8 h post-infection. The mRNA levels of (C) Viral, (D) IL-1β, (E) IL-6, (F) TNF-α, (G) IFN-β, (H) Mx2, (I) Oas1, and (J) Oas2 were determined by real-time PCR. β-actin was used as a control. The value are shown as means ± SD of three individual experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01