Skip to main content

Table 3 Weight gain, total food intake, serum inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in liver at the end of the treatment phase

From: Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats

 

Control

(n = 6)

Control+ Spinach

(n = 6)

High-fat

(n = 6)

High-fat+ Spinach

(n = 6)

P value,

ANOVA

Weight gain(g)

−22 ± 22a

−22.8 ± 18.4a

16.8 ± 7.8b

12.3 ± 10.2b

< 0.001*

Food intake(g)

77.7 ± 5.1a

82.1 ± 6.4a

111.5 ± 16.8b

102.7 ± 7.6b

< 0.001*

CCK(ng/l)

117.5 ± 48.9

116.4 ± 29.8

127.5 ± 23.1

133.8 ± 17.5

0.75

Hs_CRP(ng/ml)

3.48 ± 0.62a

3.68 ± 0.43a

4.69 ± 0.96b

3.68 ± 0.64a

0.02*

PTX-3(ng/ml)

0.63 ± 0.14a

0.63 ± 0.09a

0.86 ± 0.1b

0.67 ± 0.17a

0.02*

MMP-9(ng/ml)

0.5 ± 0.09a

0.52 ± 0.19a

0.81 ± 0.22b

0.64 ± 0.17ab

0.02*

TAC(μmol/l)

214(181.5–219.2)ab

204(199–216.5)a

186(180.5–191.2)b

209(205.5–212)a

0.03*†

GPX(U/ml)

233.8 ± 33.5a

365.9 ± 115.7b

224.6 ± 51.7a

336.1 ± 86.1b

0.01*

SOD(U/ml)

56 ± 25.5

59.9 ± 14.2

44.4 ± 14.6

70.7 ± 16.1

0.12

Steatosis score

0(0–0.25)a

0(0–0)a

2(1–2)b

1(0–1)a

0.001*†

NAS score

1(0–2)a

1(0–2)a

4(3–5)b

2(0–4)ab

0.007*†

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for data with normal distribution and median (IQR) for those with non-normal distribution
  2. CCK = Cholecystokinin, Hs_CRP = High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein, PTX-3 = Pentraxin-3, MMP-9 = Matrix metalloproteinase-9, TAC = Total antioxidant capacity, GPX = Glutathione peroxidase, SOD = Superoxide dismutase
  3. Different letters show significantly different at P < 0.05
  4. † Kruskal–Wallis test