Fig. 5

a Effects of ginsenosides on TNF-a and IL-6 protein expression in joint tissues of mice (Scale bar = 100 μm). Immunohistochemical staining of osteogenic nuclei is shown to be yellow or brown, indicating positive TNF-α or IL-6. The mean density of TNF-α (b) and IL-6 (c) protein expression in mouse joints after different treatments. The level of TNF-α (d) and IL-6 (e) proinflammatory factor in the supernatant of mouse joint after different treatments, respectively. Values were expressed as means ± SD, n = 6; (^##p < 0.01 vs. the normal group; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs the control group; ^ap < 0.05, vs CK group)