Fig. 2

A. indica down-modulates the levels of %CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ cells following treatment with SEB. a Experimental schema showing plant extracts (A. indica, M. oleifera and M. foetida) that were selected for further testing of their ability to reduce the levels of CD4+ T cell activation following exposure to bacterial antigens (SEB). b Levels of %CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ levels following treatment with SEB alone and the various plant extracts (A. indica (A.I), M. oleifera (M.O) and M. foetida (M.F)). c Dose responses of A. I (0.0 μg/ mL, 0.125 μg/ mL, 0.250 μg/ mL and 0.50 μg/ mL) on SEB induced %CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ levels. Levels of SEB induced %CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ cells after addition of A. I + SEB, Cyclosporine (Cyclo) + SEB, SEB, A. I negative (Neg) control (Cyclo alone) and unstimulated conditions in d HIV negative e viral load < 1000 copies/ mL and f viral load > 1000 copies/ mL study groups. * shows p < 0.05 and ** represents p < 0.01 paired significant difference across studied groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Each datapoint represents results obtained from individual donor samples