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Table 8 Access by naturopaths to controlled or restricted actsc

From: Characteristics of global naturopathic education, regulation, and practice frameworks: results from an international survey

 

No Regulation (n=28)b

Title protection (n=18)b

Defined Practice (n=27)b

Other

(n=7)b

No Regulation (n=28)b

Title protection (n=18)b

Defined Practice (n=27)b

Other (n=7)b

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

 

Ordering pathology/ laboratory tests and scans

General physical examination

Full Access

3 (10.7)

11 (61.1)

12 (44.4)

2 (28.5)

17 (60.7)

16 (88.8)

24 (88.8)

4 (57.1)

Limited Access

10 (35.7)

6 (33.3)

14 (51.8)

3 (42.8)

2 (7.1)

1 (5.5)

2 (7.4)

2 (28.5)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

3 (10.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Not Allowed

15 (53.5)

1 (5.5)

1 (3.7)

1 (14.2)

6 (21.4)

1 (5.5)

1 (3.7)

0 (0.0)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

 

Obstetrics/ Maternity Care

Acupuncture

Full Access

0 (0.0)

4 (22.2)

6 (22.2)a

0 (0.0)

6 (21.4)

12 (66.6)

16 (59.2)

2 (28.5)

Limited Access

6 (21.4)

11 (61.1)

13 (48.1) a

3 (42.8)

2 (7.1)

3 (16.6)

5 (18.5)

0 (0.0)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

4 (14.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.7) a

0 (0.0)

4 (14.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.7)

4 (57.1)

Not Allowed

17 (60.7)

3 (16.6)

6 (22.2) a

2 (28.5)

16 (57.1)

3 (16.6)

3 (11.1)

0 (0.0)

Unsure

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (28.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (7.4)

1 (14.2)

 

Diagnosis of Health Conditions

Cervical Manipulation

Full Access

4 (14.2)

13 (72.2)

17 (62.9)a

3 (42.8)

3 (10.7)

12 (66.6)

20 (74.0)

1 (14.2)

Limited Access

7 (25.0)

3 (16.6)

5 (18.5)a

1 (14.2)

3 (10.7)

3 (16.6)

3 (11.1)

2 (28.5)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

Not Allowed

17 (60.7)

2 (11.1)

4 (14.8)a

2 (28.5)

18 (64.2)

3 (16.6)

4 (14.8)

2 (28.5)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (10.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

 

Taking Blood Samples

General Manipulation

Full Access

0 (0.0)

9 (50.0)

10 (37.0)

1 (14.2)

6 (21.4)

14 (77.7)

22 (81.4)

3 (42.8)

Limited Access

5 (17.8)

4 (22.2)

9 (33.3)

2 (28.5)

4 (14.2)

1 (5.5)

2 (7.4)

1 (14.2)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

2 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (28.5)

5 (17.8)

1 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

Not Allowed

21 (75.0)

5 (27.7)

8 (29.6)

2 (28.5)

12 (42.8)

2 (11.1)

3 (11.1)

1 (14.2)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

 

Intravenous Administration

Naturopathic treatment Prescription

Full Access

0 (0.0)

9 (50.0)

9 (33.3)

1 (14.2)

21 (75.0)

17 (94.4)

27 (100.0)

6 (85.7)

Limited Access

4 (14.2)

4 (22.2)

8 (29.6)

1 (14.2)

3 (10.7)

1 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

3 (10.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Not Allowed

21 (75.0)

5 (27.7)

10 (37.0)

3 (42.8)

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (28.5)

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Minor Surgery

Sale of Naturopathic Products within Clinic

Full Access

1 (3.5)

9 (50.0)

10 (37.0)

0 (0.0)

15 (53.5)a

13 (72.2)

21 (77.7)

6 (85.7)

Limited Access

2 (7.1)

3 (16.6)

4 (14.8)

1 (14.2)

2 (7.1)a

1 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

2 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (7.1)a

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Not Allowed

23 (82.1)

6 (33.3)

13 (48.1)

6 (85.7)

8 (28.5)a

4 (22.2)

4 (14.8)

1 (14.2)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (7.4)

0 (0.0)

 

Pharmaceutical Prescription

Non-Conventional Laboratory tests (urine/hair/stool)

Full Access

0 (0.0)

7 (38.8)

8 (29.6)

0 (0.0)

16 (57.1)

13 (72.2)

20 (74.0)

5 (71.4)

Limited Access

3 (10.7)

4 (22.2)

5 (18.5)

1 (14.2)

2 (7.1)

2 (11.1)

5 (18.5)

0 (0.0)

Permitted but NOT in Curriculum

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (7.1)

1 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

Not Allowed

23 (82.1)

6 (33.3)

13 (48.1)

6 (85.7)

7 (25.0)

2 (11.1)

2 (7.4)

0 (0.0)

Unsure

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (14.2)

  1. aAdjusted for missing data; b.Some respondents reported multiple regulation types; c Analysis excluded Belgium, Egypt, Hong Kong, State (USA) which did not indicate regulation type, see supplementary information