Fig. 3

Extracellular virucidal activities of silymarin and baicalein against EV-A71 at different co-incubation times determined by plaque assays. a Silymarin (100 μg/mL) or baicalein (54 μg/mL) was co-incubated with EV-A71 for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min at 37 °C. The mixtures from each time point were subsequently inoculated into RD cells. b Silymarin (100 μg/mL) was co-incubated with EV-A71 for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min at 37 °C. The mixtures from each time point were subsequently inoculated into RD cells. Data presented as mean ± S.E.M. Error bars indicate the range of values obtained from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicates a significant difference compared to the negative control (0 μg/mL) analysed by t-test