Fig. 4

Effect of M. subcordata candidate constituents on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Showing the effect of aminoguanidine (AG) as a positive control, the tested candidates including agmatine (AGM), stachydrine (STA), trigonelline (TRI), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3C), and the isothiocyanates (ITCs): methyl- (Met-ITC), ethyl- (Et-ITC), isopropyl- (Isp-ITC) as compared to medium control. (a) NO production by cells with and without LPS (LPS⁺ and LPS⁻) treatments as measured by the Griess assay, (b) cell viability as measured by the MTT assay, and (c) description of %inhibition NO production. Data are presented as mean ± SD and asterisks show a significant difference from control (0.1%DMSO + medium + LPS): *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001