Fig. 3

SUD suppresses live F. nucleatum induced IL-8 expression by gingival keratinocytes. A representative figure of IL-8 expression measured by ELISA of TIGK cells infected for 4 h by live F. nucleatum (MOI 1:500) with SUD performed four to five independent times in triplicate. Controls are cell culture medium with the indicated concentrations of SUD. Error bars represent standard deviations. Significant statistical differences were calculated using the student t-test (** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, n.s. not significant). No statistical significance indicates IL-8 levels were significantly reduced similar to basal levels