Fig. 7
Histological examination of OVX-induced femurs. a Representative optical images of H&E staining of OVX-induced femurs from each group. a Trabecular area was measured using ImageJ software. b TRAP staining of femurs; black arrows indicate areas of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells. b Quantification of TRAP-positive cells. c Immunohistochemistry staining of NFATc1 in femur; red arrows indicate areas of NFATc1-positive cells. c Quantification of NFATc1-positive cells. All images were captured with a light microscope. (200×, Scale bar: 100 μm) Data represent as mean ± SEM (n = 8). ##P < 0.01, #P < 0.05 compared with sham and **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 compared with OVX. Sham, sham-operated and vehicle-treated group; OVX, bilateral-ovariectomized and vehicle-treated group; E2, bilateral-ovariectomized and 17β-estradiol-treated group; CF-L, bilateral-ovariectomized and low-dose of Chaenomelis fructus-treated group (35 mg/kg); CF-H, high-dose of bilateral-ovariectomized and Chaenomelis fructus-treated group (350 mg/kg); NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T-cells