Table 5 Effects of male treatment with PADE on offspring development
Parameters | Study groupsa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Control, H2O | PADE, 25 mg/kg | PADE, 125 mg/kg | |
Offspring survival (mean + SD) | |||
Number of litters examined | 12 | 9 | 9 |
No. offspring/ litter at birth | 8.6 + 0.9 | 9.3 + 0.7 | 11.3 + 0.6 |
No. of survived offspring/litter on day 21 after birth, (%) | 8.6 + 0.9 (100%) | 9.3 ± 0.7 (100%) | 11.3 ± 0.6 (100%) |
Offspring behavioral development on day 21 after birth (mean + SD) | |||
Number of line crossing | 45.3 + 1.3 | 43.8 + 3.3 | 47.9 + 2.5 |
Head dipping | 12.1 + 0.7 | 11.8 + 1.3 | 12.3 + 0,8 |
Grooming | 0.9 + 0.3 | 0.9 + 0.1 | 0.8 + 0.2 |
Defecation | 1.4 + 0.3 | 2.5 + 0.5 | 2.8 + 0.4 |
Rearing | 0 | 0.03 + 0.01 | 0.02 + 0.01 |