Fig. 2

Effects of ECL (10 μg/mL), DAM and ICT (25 μg/mL), DEOX (20 μg/mL), and 17.1 μg/mL IND in LPS-stimulated macrophages on % of production of (a) TNF-α and (b) IL-6. Effects of ECL (10 μg/mL) on % of production of (c) IL-1β and (d) IL-10. The values are the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments (n = 4). Values were significantly different compared with the (*) vehicle and (#) IND group using the Dunnett’s test: *p < 0.05