Fig. 1

Body weight gain, food and water consumption of SD rats orally administered with fermented C. sunki peel extract. Body weight of SD rats was monitored during the toxicity studies of fermented C. sunki peel extract (FCPE). a Animals (n = 5/gender/group, circle for male and triangle for female animals) administered with a single dose of FCPE (open symbols; 0 mg/kg BW and black symbols; 2000 mg/kg BW) in an acute toxicity acquired body weight to a similar degree during the 14-day monitoring period. b In the 90-day toxicity study, body weight gain of all SD rats (n = 10/gender/group) administered with FCPE was comparable without a remarkable difference for the entire study period. Consumption of food (c and d) and water (e and f) was similar across all groups with an exception of higher food intake (p < 0.05) in the female 500 mg/kg group in week 5 compared to the vehicle control. Male; circle, female; triangle, 0 mg/kg BW; open symbols, light gray symbols; 500 mg/kg BW, dark gray symbols; 1000 mg/kg BW and black symbols; 2000 mg/kg BW. *; p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett’s test