Fig. 4

Expression level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver tissue. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA in the total transcripts of liver tissue were measured by qRT-PCR analyses using their specific primers. The relative levels of the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB mRNA were calculated based on the intensity of β-actin as an endogenous control. Three to five mice per group were used in the preparation of the total RNAs, and qRT-PCR analyses was assayed in duplicate for each sample. The values of data represent the mean ± SD. Asterisk symbol (*) indicates significant P < 0.05 compared to the No treated group. Sharp symbol (#) indicates significant P < 0.05 compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group