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Table 2 Serum parameters after 8 weeks of intervention

From: The effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and aqueous extract of caraway (Carum carvi L.) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

Parameter

Sham

PCOS control

Metformin

Caraway

Thylakoids

P- value

TG (mg/dl)

40.81 ± 5.07a

63.72 ± 3.25b

48.6 ± 4.9c

46.45 ± 4.76c

49 ± 3.16c

< 0.001*

TC (mg/dl)

41.45 ± 1.96a

64.81 ± 3.15b

50.3 ± 4.13c

48.72 ± 4.1c

49.9 ± 2.94c

< 0.001*

LDL_C (mg/dl)

14.27 ± 1.1a

23.18 ± 2.22b

16.5 ± 1.5dc

15.27 ± 2ad

16.81 ± 0.98c

< 0.001*

HDL_C (mg/dl)

21.18 ± 2.27a

13.18 ± 0.87b

13.9 ± 1.19b

16.09 ± 1.04c

13.9 ± 0.83b

< 0.001*

FBS (mg/dl)

95.9 ± 4.52a

151.27 ± 11.76b

115.3 ± 3.65c

118.36 ± 4.43c

119.27 ± 3.43c

< 0.001*

Insulin (mIU/L)

11.1 ± 3.79a

14.88 ± 3.76a

12.15 ± 4.29a

13.39 ± 6.14a

12.96 ± 3.74a

0.36

HOMA − IR

2.62 ± 0.90a

5.51 ± 1.33b

3.48 ± 1.28ac

3.92 ± 1.8c

3.8 ± 1.04c

< 0.001*

TNFα (pg/ml)

103.60 ± 35.13a

148.62 ± 21.95b

115.11 ± 24.10a

107.55 ± 41.19a

105.75 ± 32.85a

0.04*

MDA (pg/ml)

2.29 ± 0.1a

3.19 ± 0.2b

2.6 ± 0.28c

2.64 ± 0.18c

2.52 ± 0.28c

< 0.001*

LH (mIU/mL)

9.96 ± 3.01a

18.96 ± 4.29b

13.53 ± 2.97a

14.14 ± 4.31a

14.04 ± 7.21a

0.003*

FSH (IU/mL)

17.86 ± 3.45a

22.85 ± 9.61a

23.19 ± 7.32a

22.36 ± 5.77a

22.44 ± 7.17a

0.37

  1. Sham Non PCOS induced rats that received distilled water, PCOS control PCOS induced rats that received distilled water, Metformin PCOS induced rats that received metformin, Caraway PCOS induced rats that received caraway aqueous extract, Thylakoids PCOS induced rats that received thylakoid extract, TG Triglyceride, TC Total Cholesterol, LDL_C Low density lipoprotein, HDL_C High density lipoprotein, FBS Fasting blood sugar, HOMA−IR Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, TNFα Tumor necrosis factor alpha, MDA Malondialdehyde, LH Luteinizing hormone, FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone
  2. Data expressed as Mean ± SD, In each row, figures bearing different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05 (one way ANOVA)