Standardized ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa upregulates pro-inflammatory mediators release in LPS-primed U937 human macrophages through stimulation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling networks

Table 1 Retention times, MS² fragments of the major compounds present in Tinospora crispa

No.	Retention time (min)	Molecular ion peak (M-H)⁻	MS² fragmentation ions	Tentative compounds identified
1	2.256	537^a	493, 375, 357, 313	Borapetoside A
2	4.494	521^a	341, 311, 297, 253	Cordifoliside B
3	5.223	595^a	549, 485, 432, 355, 322, 269, 159	Apigenin conjugate
4	5.727	567^a	539, 521, 495, 491, 387, 361, 343, 315, 267	Cordifoliside conjugate
5	8.195	535^a	503, 459, 373, 355, 341, 315, 271, 179, 101	Borapetoside C
6	10.158	581^a	536, 504, 373, 355, 315, 179	Borapetoside derivative
7	11.170	503^a	459, 359, 341, 315, 271, 87	Cordifolioside A
8	14.376	373^a	330, 313, 298, 177	Jateorin
9	14.422	329^a	311, 201, 171	3, 3, 0-di-O-methyl ellagic acid
10	25.438	315^a	297, 279, 171, 141	Protocatechuic Acid Hexoside
11	26.275	373^a	299, 237	Palmarin
12	36.011	521^a	447, 361, 271, 175	Cordifoliside C
13	36.122	491^a	447, 417, 331, 255, 145	Palmatoside
14	38.798	357^a	339, 295	Columbin
15	39.133	329^a	282	Tinosponone
16	40.696	370^a	352, 326, 308	Syringin
17	42.201	395^a	351, 130	Tinorcodiside
18	54.886	635^a	599, 299	Palmatoside C

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