Table 1 Characteristics between pregnant women with and without CHM use (n = 81,873)
Characteristics | CHM user n = 16,553 | Non-CHM user n = 65,320 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 28.6 ± 4.6 | 28.0 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 |
Duration of pregnancy (days) | 266.3 ± 63.5 | 255.9 ± 69.8 | < 0.001 |
Education |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Below Junior | 3582 (22.1) | 16,203 (25.5) |  |
 Senior | 7148 (44.1) | 28,521 (44.8) |  |
 University or above | 5489 (33.8) | 18,912 (29.7) |  |
Income level (1000 NTD per unit) | 24.7 ± 16.2 | 23.9 ± 16.9 | < 0.001 |
 < 20,000 | 5858 (41.7) | 24,189 (44.5) | < 0.001 |
 20,000-39,999 | 5685 (40.4) | 21,031 (38.7) |  |
 > 40,000 | 2512 (17.9) | 9147 (16.8) |  |
Residential area |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Northern | 5565 (33.7) | 28,861 (44.3) |  |
 Middle | 4621 (27.9) | 11,890 (18.3) |  |
 Southern | 5538 (33.6) | 20,467 (31.4) |  |
 Eastern | 784 (4.8) | 3916 (6.0) |  |
Maternal Comorbidity | |||
 Asthma | 352 (2.1) | 1036 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic ischemic heart disease | 50 (0.3) | 149 (0.2) | 0.084 |
 Chronic renal disease | 119 (0.7) | 256 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
 Congenital heart disease | 13 (0.1) | 52 (0.1) | 0.965 |
 Preexisting diabetes mellitus | 118 (0.7) | 402 (0.6) | 0.159 |
 Preexisting hypertension | 77 (0.5) | 303 (0.5) | 0.982 |
 Sickle cell disease | 37 (0.2) | 88 (0.1) | 0.009 |
 Cardiac valvular disease | 189 (1.1) | 441 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
 Placenta previa | 6 (0.1) | 36 (0.1) | 0.338 |
 Gestational hypertension | 12 (0.1) | 33 (0.1) | 0.281 |
CHM use at 6 months before first pregnancy diagnosis | 10,449 (63.1) | 14,812 (22.7) | < 0.001 |