Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil

Table 3 Effect of altitude on the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of S. thymbra essential oils obtained from Wasita (WEO) and Safsaf (SEO) localities during two successive years

Test Organisms	Inhibition Zone (mm)
Test Organisms	Blank	WEO (W1)	WEO (W2)	SEO (S1)	SEO (S2)	Standard
Gram positive organisms						Ampicillin
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538	(−)	26.2 ± 0.9 ^aB	25.1 ± 1.0 ^aB	27.0 ± 0.3 ^aB	28.0 ± 0.1 ^aB	12.5 ± 0.5 ^A
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051	(−)	39.2 ± 1.5 ^aB	39.2 ± 1.5 ^aB	49.2 ± 1.1 ^bB	49.5 ± 0.6 ^bB	27.4 ± 0.7 ^A
Gram negative organisms						Ciprofloxacin
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739	(−)	46.6 ± 1.2 ^aB	46.9 ± 0.9 ^aB	37.2 ± 0.9 ^aB	38.2 ± 1.2 ^aB	23.4 ± 0.6 ^A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027	(−)	11.4 ± 0.2 ^aB	11.9 ± 0.5 ^aB	19.8 ± 0.4 ^bB	18.2 ± 0.3 ^bB	20.6 ± 1.2 ^A
Proteus mirabilisatcc 7002	(−)	31.6 ± 0.4 ^aB	30.2 ± 0.4 ^aB	30.6 ± 0.2 ^bB	29.8 ± 0.5 ^bB	19.8 ± 0.6 A
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883	(−)	55.4 ± 0.2 ^aB	53.2 ± 0.9 ^aB	55.7 ± 0.7 ^aB	56.4 ± 0.2 ^aB	22.5 ± 0.5 A
Fungi						Amphotericin B
Candida albicans ATCC 10231	(−)	35.4 ± 1.2 ^aB	36.5 ± 1.1 ^aB	34.6 ± 0.9 ^bB	34.7 ± 0.4 ^bB	25.4 ± 0.5 A
Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888	(−)	20.8 ± 0.2 ^aB	21.1 ± 0.4 ^aB	17.2 ± 0.4 ^bB	16.9 ± 0.6 ^bB	23.7 ± 1.2 A

Values are ±SEM (n = 3), means followed by different letters in same row denote significant difference at p < 0.05, paired-t-test. Lowercase letters compare means of WEO with SEO, uppercase letters compare means of sample with the standard antibiotic
W1 and W2 are plants collected from Wasita during fall 2017 and 2018, respectively. S1 and S2 are plants collected from Safsaf during fall 2017 and 2018, respectively

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