Table 1 Characteristics of included trials
Study ID | Outpatient /inpatient | Exacerbation occur within n hours of study enrolment | Funding | Sample size | Average age (year) | Male (%) | Treatment | Use of placebo | Treatment duration (days) | Outcome measurements b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Add-on treatment in experimental group a | Usual treatment for both groups | ||||||||||
Bian 2016 [35] | Outpatient | < 24 h | NR | 50/50 | 62 | 73 | SFJD | Levofloxacin + ST | No | 7 | 6;7;8 |
Hu 2018 [36] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 60/60 | 63.1/63.8 | 53.3/52.9 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 10 | 1;3;5;6 |
Huang 2015 [37] | Inpatient | < 48 h | NR | 45/45 | 66/67 | 66.7/77.1 | SFJD | Cefoperazone and sulbactam + ST | No | 10 | 1;5;7;9 |
Li 2017a [38] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 20/20 | 67.2/66.1 | 80/80 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 7 | 1;2;9 |
Li 2017b [39] | Inpatient | < 48 h | NR | 50/50 | 52.3/54.7 | 74/70 | SFJD | Ceftriaxone (iv.gtt, 2 g/d) + ST | No | 10 | 1;4;7;9 |
Tian 2018 [40] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 43/43 | 61.3/60.5 | 65.1/60.5 | SFJD | β-lactams + ST | No | 7 | 1;9 |
Wang 2016 [41] | Inpatient | < 48 h | NR | 41/39 | 63.5/62.5 | 56.1/48.7 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 14 | 1 |
Wang 2018 [42] | Inpatient | ≤48 h | NR | 35/35 | 54.2/52.3 | 65.7/71.4 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 10 | 5;6 |
Wei 2019 [43] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 30/30 | 53.3/52.7 | 60/56.7 | SFJD | Ceftriaxone (iv.gtt, 2 g/d) + ST | No | 10(SFJD7) | 1;4;7;9 |
Yao 2017 [44] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 20/20 | 65.4/64.1 | 85/80 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 7 | 1;2;7;9 |
Zhang 2015 [45] | Inpatient | < 48 h | NR | 65/65 | 67/66 | 75.4/72.3 | SFJD | Cefuroxime + ST | No | 10 | 1;5;9 |
Zhang 2019 [46] | Inpatient | NR | NR | 30/30 | 61.5/62.3 | 76.7/83.3 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 14 | 1;6;7 |
Zhu 2018 [47] | Inpatient | < 72 h | NR | 30/30 | NR | 63/70 | SFJD | Antibiotic + ST | No | 6 | 1;4;7;9 |