Table 1 Effects of V trifolia crude leaf extracts on the cell viability of U937 macrophages measured by WST-1 cell viability assay
Extraction method | Solvents | IC20 (μg/mL) | IC50 (μg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|
Soxhlet | Hexane | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.5 |
Dichloromethane | 38.9 ± 0.9 | 47.6 ± 0.7 | |
Methanol | 111.1 ± 23.1 | 145.1 ± 13.7 | |
Ethanol | 89.0 ± 25.8 | 132.5 ± 32.8 | |
Water | 430.6 ± 95.9 | 684.5 ± 99.0 | |
Ultrasonication | Hexane | 9.7 ± 1.4 | 12.2 ± 2.5 |
Dichloromethane | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | |
Methanol | 100.9 ± 4.8 | 120.3 ± 12.0 | |
Ethanol | 159.3 ± 20.3 | 185.5 ± 33.3 | |
Water | 127.0 ± 27.8 | 172.1 ± 26.4 | |
Maceration | Hexane | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 0.2 |
Dichloromethane | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | |
Methanol | 74.0 ± 10.2 | 84.8 ± 6.6 | |
Ethanol | 85.9 ± 5.6 | 101.1 ± 11.7 |