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Table 2 One Month Study Blood Chemistry Group ANOVA

From: Toxicology studies of aqueous-alcohol extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens subsp. procumbens (Burch.) DC.Ex Meisn. (Pedaliaceae) in female and male rats

 

Mean (sd)

Measure

F, p value (df 3, 42)

Control

2014 HP

2016 HP

2016 Butanolic HP

Glucose (mg/dL)

3.38, .03

297.92 (61.40)

248.27 (43.67) * (p = .048)

239.82 (34.52) * (p = .02)

253.42 (48.58)

Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL)

15.50, <.001

20.67 (3.45)

20.82 (2.27)

14.82 (1.72) * (p < .001)

19.00 (1.48)

Creatinine (mg/dL) ***

1.33, .28

    

Sodium (mEq/L)

3.28, .03

142.00 (2.37)

143.18 (1.78) ** (p = .017)

140.36 (1.69) ** (p = .017)

141.75 (2.45)

Potassium (mEq/L)

11.83, <.001

4.82 (0.37)

5.66 (0.86)

6.95 (0.65) * (p < .001)

6.53 (1.47) * (p < .001)

Chloride (mEq/L)

1.34, .27

    

Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

1.87, .15

    

Anion Gap (mEq/L)

4.42, .009

18.00 (1.54)

20.46 (1.13) * (p = .003)

19.73 (1.79) * (p = .049)

19.67 (2.10) (p = .052)

Albumin (g/dL)

0.09, .97

    

Total Protein (g/dL)

0.63, .60

    

Globulin (g/dL)

3.53, .023

2.77 (0.22)

2.58 (0.20)

2.52 (0.19) * (p = .009)

2.62 (0.15)

Calcium (mg/dL)

0.06, .98

    

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.89, .015

7.04 (0.65)

7.74 (0.66) * (p = .035)

7.87 (0.60) * (p = .009)

7.68 (0.66)

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

0.06, .98

    

Total Bilirubin (mg/dL)***

25.08, <.001

0.10 (0.00)

0.21 (0.05) * (p < .001)

0.23 (0.05) * (p < .001)

0.23 (0.05) * (p < .001)

ALT (U/L)

1.29, .29

    

ALP (U/L)

1.76, .17

    

GGT (U/L)

All values were “< 3” – no analyses conducted

CK (U/L) ****

2.75, .06

334.58 (143.97)

467.55 (277.07)

246.73 (114.43)

242.42 (265.53)

 

X2, p value (df 3)

Control

% Slight Hemolysis

2014 HP

% Slight Hemolysis

2016 HP

% Slight Hemolysis

Butanolic HP

% Slight Hemolysis

Hemolysis (Mild to moderate hemolysis may cause false increases in direct bilirubin and AST measurement. Marked hemolysis can adversely affect all chemistry tests.)

0.32, .96

25%

18%

18%

17%

  1. * Intervention group(s) was significantly (p < .05) different from control group
  2. ** Intervention groups were significantly different from each other
  3. ***Based on distributional properties of the outcome measure, group differences were also tested using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test
  4. Creatinine X2 = 4.04, df 3, p = .257
  5. Total Bilirubin X2 = 30.34, df 3, p < .001
  6. **** Note – when outlier value (Data_id = 34) was excluded from the analysis, F (3, 41) = 1.81, p = .16