Table 5 Antibacterial activities of valonia and shell extracts from Q. variabilis against S. aureus and S. paratyphi A

Valonia

VEE

10.89 ± 0.12^a

12.37 ± 0.36^a

0.625

1.25

0.625

1.25

VPEF

ND

7.62 ± 0.43^a

> 10

> 10

> 10

> 10

VEAF

11.64 ± 0.43^a

12.26 ± 0.12^a

1.25

2.5

1.25

2.5

VBF

12.26 ± 0.14^a

15.92 ± 0.44^a

0.625

1.25

0.625

1.25

VWF

9.71 ± 0.18^a

10.25 ± 0.14^a

0.625

1.25

0.625

1.25

Shell

SEE

8.99 ± 0.22^a

9.62 ± 0.16^a

2.5

5

2.5

5

SPEF

ND

ND

> 10

> 10

> 10

> 10

SEAF

7.97 ± 0.11^a

8.72 ± 0.14^a

5

2.5

5

5

SBF

7.06 ± 0.01^a

7.86 ± 0.11^a

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

SWF

8.01 ± 0.05^a

8.07 ± 0.09^a

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

10.22 ± 0.18^a

10.30 ± 0.21^a

–

–

–

–

10.24 ± 0.14^a

11.45 ± 0.25^a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–