Fig. 5

Inhibitory effect of stalk extracts on LPS-stimulated upregulation of iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells were pre-treated with different concentration (0, 10, 50, 100 μg/ml) of stalk extracts for 1 h followed by stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. a The levels of iNOS were quantified by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH. b The cells were pretreated with stalk extracts at the indicated concentrations for 1 h before incubation with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. The protein expression of iNOS and β-actin were assessed by western blot analysis. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001