Herbal remedies used for the treatment of infertility in males and females by traditional healers in the rural areas of the West Bank/Palestine

Jaradat, Nidal; Zaid, Abdel Naser

doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2617-2

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 The used herbals for the treatment of infertility in females, the plant’s parts used, Frequency of Citation (FC), Choice values, modes of administration and methods of preparation

From: Herbal remedies used for the treatment of infertility in males and females by traditional healers in the rural areas of the West Bank/Palestine

Scientific names	Local names	English names	Family	Voucher number	Part used and mode of preparation	Method of preparation	Number of citations	FC, %	CV
Ceratonia siliqua L.	خروب	Locust bean	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-584	Pollen grains/About 0.2 g of the pollen grains inhaled 2 h before sexual intercourse.	Powder	50	98.04	3.16
Anastatica hierochuntica L.	كف مريم	Rose of Jericho or Dinosaur plant	Brassicaceae	Pharm-PCT-156	Fruits/Soak 50 g of the crushed fruits in 500 ml water. 100 ml of this infusion is to be given once daily for 7 days after the finishing of menopause.	Infusion	45	88.24	2.85
Parietaria judaica L.	حشيشة الزجاج	Spreading pellitory or Pellitory of the wall	Urticaceae	Pharm-PCT-1790	Leaves/Boil about 15 g of the leaves in 150 ml water. About 50 ml of this decoction is to be given orally before each meal.	Decoction	43	84.31	2.72
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.*	القسط الهندي	Costus or kuth	Compositae	Pharm-PCT-2800	Roots/Boil about 50 g of roots in 250 ml water for 15 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	41	80.39	2.59
Peganum harmala L.	الحرمل	Syrian Rue	Nitrariaceae	Pharm-PCT-1801	Fruits/Boil 10 g of the fruits in 500 ml water and used intensively as vaginal douche.	Decoction	39	76.47	2.47
Phoenix dactylifera L.	تمر	Date or date palm	Arecaceae	Pharm-PCT-1842	Fruits/Take two of Date fruits and boil them in water (about 50 ml) and the produced solution is to be mixed with equal quantities of Olive oil and Honey. This mixture to be taken early morning once daily.	Decoction	34	66.67	2.15
Ankyropetalum gypsophiloides Fenzl	شرش حلاوه	Anchor capillary	Caryophyllaceae	Pharm-PCT-172	Flowers/Steep 1 g of the flowers in 50 ml of fresh Donkey’s milk for 6 h. This infusion is to be given once daily.	Infusion	25	49.02	1.58
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	الحلبة	Fenugreek	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-2778	Seeds/Mix 50 ml of the oil of the seeds with equal amounts of royal jelly. One tablespoon of this mixture is to be given once daily before sexual intercourse	Paste	25	49.02	1.58
Viscum cruciatum Sieber ex Boiss.	دبق الاحمر	Red-berry mistletoe	Santalaceae	Pharm-PCT-2662	Leaves/About 5 g of dried and ground leaves are to be given orally twice daily with a cup of water.	Powder	25	49.02	1.58
Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht	القسط	Crepe ginger	Costaceae	Pharm-PCT-2799	Rhizomes/Powdered rhizomes mixed with equal amounts of Royal Jelly. This mixture is to be given before meals three times daily.	Paste	25	49.02	1.58
Nigella sativa L.	قزحه	Black cumin	Ranunculaceae	Pharm-PCT-2797	Seeds/Boil 30 g of the seeds with 100 ml water. This decoction is to be orally given before sexual intercourse.	Decoction	24	47.06	1.52
Artemisia judaica L.	البعيثران	Judean wormwood	Compositae	Pharm-PCT-238	Flowers/Boil 50 g of the flowers in 500 ml water and used as vaginal douche before sexual intercourse.	Decoction	24	47.06	1.52
Conium maculatum L.	الشوكران	Hemlock	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-657	Fruits/Steep 0.5 g of the flowers with 500 ml water for 5 h. About 20 ml of this infusion is to be given orally three times a day.	Infusion	22	43.14	1.39
Ficus carica L.	التين	Common fig	Moraceae	Pharm-PCT-1028	Leaves/Boil the fresh leaves (about 50 g) with water and the produced decoction is mixed with few drops of the Wolf bile and used as vaginal douche	Decoction	21	41.18	1.33
Prunus mahaleb L.	المحلب	St. Lucie cherry	Rosaceae	Pharm-PCT-2798	Seeds/Steep about 50 g of the seeds in 100 ml goat milk for three hours. This infusion is to be given after each meal.	Infusion	21	41.18	1.33
Ferula orientalis L.	الكلخ الشرقي	Samaria giant fennel	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-1020	Fruits/About 20 g of the powdered seeds soaked one night in olive oil. The produced mixture is to be given three times daily during the menstrual period.	Infusion	20	39.22	1.27
Juglans regia L.	الجوز	Persian walnut, English walnut,	Juglandaceae	Pharm-PCT-2714	Bark/Boil 200 g from the ground bark in 800 ml water for 30 min. 400 ml of this decoction is to be used as vaginal douche twice daily.	Decoction	20	39.22	1.27
Sesamum indicum L.	السمسم	Sesame	Pedaliaceae	Pharm-PCT-2722	Seeds/Handful of grounded seeds is to be eaten once daily.	Powder	19	37.25	1.20
Quercus coccifera L.	بلوط قلبريني	Palestine oak	Fagaceae	Pharm-PCT-1978	Bark/Steep 100 g from the bark in 500 ml water for 20 min. 250 ml of this decoction is to be used as vaginal douche twice daily.	Infusion	19	37.25	1.20
Convallaria majalis L.	زنبق الوادي	Lily of the Valley	Asparagaceae	Pharm-PCT-2796	Flowers/Soak 10 g of the flowers in 500 ml of the horse milk or donkey milk for 3 h This infusion is to be given orally three times daily after the menstrual period.	Infusion	19	37.25	1.20
Alchemilla vulgaris L.	رجل الأسد	Common lady’s mantle	Rosaceae	Pharm-PCT-2801	Leaves/Steep about 30 g of the leaves in 150 ml water for two hours. This infusion is to be given after each meal.	Infusion	18	35.29	1.14
Salvia fruticosa Mill.	مريميه	Sage	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2117	Fruits/About 50 g of the crushed fruits soaked one night in water. The produced infusion used as vaginal douche twice daily.	Infusion	17	33.33	1.08
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss.	الغبيراء	Dyer’s croton or turnsole	Euphorbiaceae	Pharm-PCT-611	Leaves/About 10 g of grounded leaves mixed with 10 ml Cow’s bile to produce a thick solution. This mixture diluted with water which used as vaginal douche once daily before bedtime.	Paste	17	33.33	1.08
Clematis flammula L.	ظيان شعلي	Fragrant virgin’s bower	Ranunculaceae	Pharm-PCT-631	Flowers/Soak about 10 g of the flowers in 50 ml of water for 12 h. This infusion is to be given five times a day after meals.	Infusion	17	33.33	1.08
Juniperus drupacea Labill.	عرعر سوري	Syrian juniper	Cupressaceae	Pharm-PCT-1296	Fruits/Soak 200 g in 800 ml water. About 450 ml of this decoction is to be given orally twice daily before meals.	Infusion	13	25.49	0.82
Origanum jordanicum Danin & Kunne	مردقوش شائع	Jordan Thyme	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-1729	Flowers/Boil about 100 g of the flowers in 500 ml water for 25 min. This decoction is to be given five times a day after meals.	Decoction	13	25.49	0.82
Ricinus communis L.	حب الخروع	Castor	Euphorbiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2742	Seeds/One Castor seed soaked one night in 200 ml water. The produced infusion used as vaginal douche before intercourse.	Infusion	13	25.49	0.82
Quercus infectoria subsp.veneris (A.Kern.) Meikle	بلوط حلبي	Aleppo Oak	Fagaceae	Pharm-PCT-1977	Bark/Boil 150 g from the ground bark in 200 ml water for 20 min. 50 ml of this decoction is to be used as vaginal douche twice daily.	Decoction	13	25.49	0.82
Rosmarinus officinalis L.	اكليل الجبل	Rosemary	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2732	Leaves/Boil about 50 g of the leaves in 500 ml water for 10 min. 100 ml from this decoction is to be used as vaginal douche before each sexual intercourse.	Decoction	11	21.57	0.70
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry	كبش قرنفل	Clove	Myrtaceae	Pharm-PCT-2767	Flowers buds/Steep one gram of the buds in100 ml hot water for 12 h. The produced infusion is to be used as vaginal douche before sexual intercourse	Infusion	9	17.65	0.57
Crocus sativus L.	زعفران	Saffron	Iridaceae	Pharm-PCT-2733	Flowers/Boil about 2 g of the flowers in one cup of milk for 10 min. Gives 50 ml of this decoction orally every day during the menstrual period.	Decoction	4	7.84	0.25

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