Fig. 3

Crude fruit extract of M. charantia induced cardiac hypertrophy in treated zebrafish embryos. Representative photomicrograph of live zebrafish embryos at 3dpf. a and b Mock (methanol 0.5% V/V) exposed embryos showed normal embryonic development and heart growth (black arrow). c and d the Zebrafish embryos treated with methanol fruit extract of M. charantia (100 μg/ml). The treated embryos are not developmentally delayed as the protruding mouth structure which is prominent feature of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf stage can also be seen clearly in treated embryos (arrow head). However, the treated embryos exhibited enlarged cardiac chamber (edema) and cardiac hypertrophy (arrow head). B and D are the higher magnification showing the heart of the same embryos presented in images A and C. The red encircled areas shows the areas which has been shown in μm at the bottom of the image. e and f) Zebrafish embryos which were exposed to the fraction 2 (10 μg/ml) obtained from the C18 column fractionation of ethyl acetate fraction of fruit extract of M. charantia. The treated embryos did not show developmental delay but had particular cardiac hypertrophy represented by black arrow. The area of the heart is almost 3X times bigger as compared to mock treated control embryos. Scale bar: 50 μm