Fig. 1

Cytotoxicity scoring of Vero cells treated with G. parvifolia leaf extract. a Score 1 – severe cytotoxicity, no visible cells (20 μg/mL 45 L H extract at 48 h), b Score 2 – significant cytotoxicity, a few intact cells (20 μg/mL 45 L H extract at 24 h), c Score 3 – Moderate cytotoxicity, altered cell morphology, cell well-spaced out (250 μg/mL 45 L Et extract at 24 h), d Score 4 – Mild cytotoxicity, altered cell morphology, cells closely spaced (200 μg/mL 45 L Ea extract at 24 h), e Score 5 – No cytotoxicity, normal cell morphology, dense cell distribution (100 μg/mL 45 L Ea extract at 48 h). (10×). 45 L H, 45 L, Et, and 45 L Ea is hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively from G. parvifolia leaves