Propolis improves pregnancy outcomes and placental oxidative stress status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Table 1 Effects of administration of propolis on fasting blood glucose level and conception period of pregnant streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Groups	Initial FBG level (mg/dL)	Final FBG level (mg/dL)	Conception period (hours)
Non-DM	89.25 (1.75)	89.88 (0.64)	27.00 (8.49)
DM	404.13 (28.72)^a	568.00 (48.07)^a	81.00 (54.33)^a
DM + Propolis	415.38 (11.87)^a	274.13 (40.66)^a,b	42.00 (27.96)
DM + Insulin	413.75 (14.48)^a	242.13 (61.48)^a,b	42.00 (27.96)
DM + Combined	424.63 (21.78)^a	191.88 (18.50)^a,b,c	33.00 (17.86)^b

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), (n = 8 per group). DM: diabetes mellitus, Combined: Propolis and insulin, FBG: fasting blood glucose. ^aP < 0.05 compared with negative control, non-DM group; ^bP < 0.05 compared with DM group; ^cP < 0.05 compared with DM + Propolis group (ANOVA followed by Turkey-Kramer post-hoc test)

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