Determination of the volatile and polyphenol constituents and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the bioactive compounds from the by-product of Rosa rugosa Thunb. var. plena Regal tea

Table 2 Analytical characteristics of compounds in rose waste. (mg/mL)

Peak	Ginsenoside	Retention time	Calibration curve	R²	RFCS
1	hyperoside	16.981	y = 14,955x-5214	0.9989	0.18 ± 0.01
2	kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	17.737	y = 7102x + 3256	0.9984	0.12 ± 0.01
3	rutin	19.01	y = 41,285x-43,792	0.9979	0.23 ± 0.01
4	luteolin	22.01	y = 31,527x-5241	0.9991	n.d
	total phenolic content				0.31 ± 0.01
	total flavonoid content				0.43 ± 0.01
	total solid content				1.45 ± 0.04

nd not detected; Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate samples; RFCS rose flower cell sap

ISSN: 2662-7671