Table 1 Elution systems, chromogenic agents, and standards used in the phytochemical analysis of the hexane extract from Spondias tuberosa leaves with thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
Classes | Mobile phase | Chromogenic agent | Standards |
|---|---|---|---|
Polyphenols (Hydrolysable tannins) | 90:5:5 | NEU + PEG | Gallic acid and Ellagic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Condensed tannins | 90:5:5 | Chloridric vanillin | Catechin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Flavonoids | 90:5:5 | NEU + PEG | Quercetin and Rutin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Cinnamic derivatives | 90:5:5 | NEU + PEG | Caffeic acid and Chlorogenic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Terpenes and steroids | 70:30 | Lieberman-Burchard + Δ | β-sitosterol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Coumarins | 50:50:50 | KOH + Δ | Coumarin (Phytolab, Brazil) |
Saponins | 100:11:11:26 | Lieberman-Burchard + Δ | Escin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Reducing sugars | 50:20:10:10 | Thymol + H2SO4 10% + Δ | D-fructose (ChromaDex, USA) |
Alkaloids | 50:6.75:5 | Dragendorf | Pilocarpine nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |
Anthraquinones | 50:6.75:5 | HNO3 + KOH 10% | Sennoside A (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) |