Effects of acupuncture on vascular dementia (VD) animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Proposed mechanisms

Study	Findings & Proposed mechanisms
Wang 2004 [11]	• Reduced NO, NOS and MDA • Increased SOD and GSH-Px
Shao 2008 [13]	Increased AVP and SS
Wang 2009 [14]	• Up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 • Counter-regulated the pro-apoptotic Bax
Wei 2011 [15]	Promoting synaptic function and structure
Zhao 2011 [16]	Enhanced hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities
Zhu 2011 [17]	Inhibiting expression of p53 and Noxa
Zhu 2012 [18]	Increased p70S6K and ribosomal protein S6
Zhu 2013 [19]	Increased mTOR and eIF4E
Yang 2014 [20]	Increased hippocampal ACh, DA, and 5-HT
Zhang 2014 [21]	Increased CBF
Li 2015 [22]	Increase pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area
Li 2015 [23]	• Inhibited PDE activity • Activated ERK and cAMP/PKA/CREB
Wang 2015 [24]	Enhanced Nrf2
Fang 2016 [25]	Decreased TNF-α mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-1β mRNA
Li 2016 [26]	• Increased complex I, II, IV and cox IV • Decreased ROS

NO nitric oxide, NOS nitric oxide synthase, MDA malondialdehyde, GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase, AVP arginine vasopressin, SS somatostatin, Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2, Bax Bcl-2 associated X protein, P53 Tumor protein P53, P70S6K P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin, eIF4E eukaryotic translation initiation factor, Ach acetylcholine, DA dopamine, 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine, CBF cerebral blood flow, PDE phosphodiesterase, ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cAMP 3′,5′-cyclic AMP/protein kinaseA, PKA protein kinaseA, CREB cAMP/PKA/cAMP response element binding protein, Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin, coxIV cytochrome oxidase IV, ROS reactive oxygen species

ISSN: 2662-7671