Table 6 Effect of tocotrienol supplementation on macro- and micro-nutrient intake in postmenopausal osteopenic women
Variable | Week 0 | Week 12 | Overall P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placeboa | Low TT | High TT | Placebo | Low TT | High TT | Â | |
Total calories (kcal) | 1685.9 (624.72) | 2399.8 (1549.82) | 1928.2 (810.37) | 1610.4 (550.15) | 2128.6 (1382.71) | 2211.9 (1816.89) | 0.111 |
Carbohydrates (g) | 199.8 (86.99) | 266.5 (169.59) | 232.5 (106.84) | 190.2 (73.18) | 232.9 (159.45) | 264.0 (241.36) | 0.233 |
Total sugars (g) | 90.7 (52.64) | 123.6 (77.6) | 112.8 (60.48) | 87.2 (42.48) | 103.3 (68.72) | 124.1 (126.57) | 0.192 |
Total fiber (g) | 21.7 (8.99) | 27.8(19.94) | 24.1 (10.73) | 20.7 (8.67) | 26.7 (19.18) | 29.4 (26.49) | 0.252 |
Total fat (g) | 65.9 (26.97) | 104.4 (71.73) | 72.7 (33.8) | 63.3 (24.00) | 95.4 (61.70) | 84.5 (62.57) | 0.215 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 204.5 (99.95) | 323.7 (245.7) | 297.2 (190.79) | 212.5 (95.05) | 268.0 (196.27) | 309.8 (256.2) | 0.278 |
Saturated fat (g) | 20.6 (10.61) | 33.5 (25.52) | 25.1 (15.02) | 19.7 (8.13) | 28.0 (18.52) | 26.6 (21.59) | 0.213 |
Monounsaturated (g) | 25.0 (10.02) | 40.2(27.25) | 25.90 (11.60) | 24.1 (9.04) | 38.7 (25.83) | 31.8 (21.11) | 0.201 |
Polyunsaturated (g) | 14.2 (6.27) | 20.9 (14.32) | 14.6 (6.66) | 13.7 (7.14) | 20.2 (14.56) | 18.3 (15.28) | 0.298 |
Protein (g) | 72.4 (27.83) | 101.2 (71.44) | 90.0(41.12) | 70.5 (23.93) | 91.2(74.78) | 105.0(97.63) | 0.293 |
Calcium (mg) | 1164.1 (587.92) | 1277.4 (730.38) | 1318.2(792.1) | 1184.6 (517.16) | 1044.3 (574.77) | 1219.5 (1044.16) | 0.373 |
Potassium (mg) | 2908.1 (1107.18) | 3892.8 (2582.54) | 3343.0(1560.48) | 2847.1 (972.19) | 3463.7 (2495.8) | 3970.2 (3551.94) | 0.202 |
Phosphorus (mg) | 1211.7 (486.11) | 1638.9 (1057.27) | 1480.8(655.18) | 1217.3 (408.83) | 1430.9 (1027.86) | 1655.4 (1476.94) | 0.309 |
Sodium (mg) | 1849.3 (826.99) | 2656 (1860.41) | 2337.2(963.73) | 1847.2 (719.41) | 2355.3 (1609.08) | 2609.3 (2047.47) | 0.257 |
Magnesium (mg) | 382.1 (183.15) | 490.1 (331.28) | 413.0(223.5) | 363.5 (148.08) | 405.1 (273.53) | 446.2 (437.75) | 0.396 |
Iron (mg) | 12.2 (4.64) | 17.2 (11.74) | 16.0 (9.24) | 12.4 (7.81) | 15.5 (12.2) | 18.2 (14.12) | 0.435 |
α-Carotene (μg) | 703.2 (548.58) | 1143.1 (2215.95) | 619.2 (475.97) | 713.0 (585.51) | 1180.0 (2996.32) | 1402.5 (2523.89) | 0.133 |
β-Carotene (μg) | 5288.3 (3804.98) | 6993.7 (9886.87) | 5531.6 (3336.1) | 5379.9 (4162.6) | 7229.7 (11,253.44) | 7927.5 (10,896.58) | 0.439 |
Vitamin D (IU) | 437.0 (400.57) | 443.7 (296.05) | 516.0 (403.89) | 412.5 (339.19) | 286.4 (256.39) | 382.7 (371.33) | 0.333 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 16.9 (35.42) | 29.7 (70.48) | 17.2 (19.49) | 18.5 (34.65) | 61.2 (80.46) | 26.3 (46.57) | 0.365 |
Vitamin K1 (μg) | 174.1 (132.15) | 217.9 (173.9) | 228.8 (133.54) | 178.5 (130.91) | 214.1 (179.3) | 253.0 (231.18) | 0.805 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 266.4 (351.41) | 224.5 (266.92) | 163.4 (211.03) | 300.2 (410.03) | 159.3 (226.95) | 209.8 (242.44) | 0.058 |
Thiamine (mg) | 3.6 (9.69) | 6.5 (14.13) | 5.4 (13.11) | 5.5 (13.72) | 3.5 (10.24) | 5.3 (12.86) | 0.762 |
Riboflavin (mg) | 4.2 (9.75) | 7.2 (14.11) | 6.2 (13.35) | 6.1 (13.56) | 4.0 (10.37) | 6.2 (13.17) | 0.744 |
Pyridoxine (mg) | 8.1 (29.29) | 7.1 (14.19) | 13.0 (34.1) | 8.0 (16.3) | 17.9 (39.61) | 11.5 (38.01) | 0.255 |
Vitamin B12 (μg) | 46.9 (146.1) | 51.5 (137.43) | 46.9 (127.98) | 70.3 (168.15) | 66.1 (168.15) | 11.8 (14.73) | 0.138 |
Folic acid (μg) | 153.7 (130.66) | 277.0 (263.85) | 234.0 (301.46) | 215.1 (235.85) | 161.1 (203.88) | 205.6 (191.8) | 0.121 |
Niacin (mg) | 25.6 (11.66) | 49.7 (57.12) | 34.2 (22.63) | 47.2 (78.42) | 30.3 (25.59) | 37.0 (32.63) | 0.186 |