Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants practiced by traditional healers and herbalists for treatment of some urological diseases in the West Bank/Palestine

Jaradat, Nidal Amin; Zaid, Abdel Naser; Al-Ramahi, Rowa; Alqub, Malik A.; Hussein, Fatima; Hamdan, Zakaria; Mustafa, Mahmoud; Qneibi, Mohammad; Ali, Iyad

doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1758-4

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 The medicinal plants used for the treatment of some urinary tract diseases, the plant parts used, use values, choice value, frequency of citation, modes and methods of preparation

From: Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants practiced by traditional healers and herbalists for treatment of some urological diseases in the West Bank/Palestine

Scientific names	Arabic local names	English common names	Family	Voucher specimen codes	Urinary tract diseases	Part used and mode of preparation	Method of preparation	# Informant 144	FC, %	UV	CV
Paronychia argentea Lam.	رجل الحمام	Chickweed, Algerian tea	Caryophyllaceae	Pharm-PCT-1793	Kidney stones	Entire plant/Boil about 100 g of the plant in 100 ml water. 30 ml of this decoction is to be given orally before each meal.	Decoction	140	97.22	0.97	1.71
Curcuma longa L.	كركم	Turmeric	Zingiberaceae	Pharm-PCT-2709	Enuresis	Roots/Steep 150 g of the roots in 200 ml water for two hours. This infusion is to be given after each meal.	Infusion	135	93.75	0.94	1.64
Plantago ovata Forssk.	لسان الحمل البيضوي	Blond Psyllium	Plantaginaceae	Pharm-PCT-1891	Kidney stones	Seeds/About 50 g of dried and ground seeds are to be given orally once daily.	Powder	134	93.06	0.93	1.63
Portulaca oleracea L.	فرفحينه	Common Purslane	Portulacaceae	Pharm-PCT-1935	Renal failure	Entire plant/10 drops of the fresh plant juice are to be given twice daily.	Juice	134	93.06	0.93	1.63
Punica granatum L.	رمان	Pomegranate	Lythraceae	Pharm-PCT-2721	Kidney stones	Fruits/300 ml of Pomegranate juice obtained from the fruits is to be given five times a day.	Juice	133	92.36	0.92	1.62
Juglans regia L.	جوز	Walnuts	Juglandaceae	Pharm-PCT-2714	Prostatic enlargement	Bark/Boil 100 g from the ground bark in 300 ml water for 30 min. 50 ml of this decoction is to be given twice daily.	Decoction	132	91.67	0.92	1.61
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.	کیس الراعي	Shepherd’s-Purse	Brassicaceae	Pharm-PCT-497	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/ Boil about 100 g from the ground fruits in 300 ml water. Give 100 ml three times a day after meals.	Decoction	132	91.67	0.92	1.61
Quercus infectoria subsp. veneris (A.Kern.) Meikle	بلوطحلبي	Aleppo Oak	Fagaceae	Pharm-PCT-1977	Prostatic enlargement	Entire plant/Boil about 50 g of the any plant part in 200 ml water. 50 ml of this decoction is to be given four times a day with meals.	Decoction	119	82.64	0.83	1.45
Crocus sativus L.	زعفران	Saffron	Iridaceae	Pharm-PCT-2733	Enuresis	Flowers/Steep 40 g of the flowers in 100 ml boiled water for 8 h. 15 ml from this infusion is to be given two times a day	Infusion	118	81.94	0.82	1.44
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.	كركديه	Roselle	Malvaceae	Pharm-PCT-2752	Urinary tract infection	Flower/Boil about 150 g of the plant in 100 ml water. 40 ml of this decoction is to be given orally before each meal.	Decoction	112	77.78	0.78	1.36
Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.	الخله المصريه	Khella	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-139	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/Boil about 250 g of the plant in 500 ml water. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given orally three to five times a day.	Decoction	102	70.83	0.71	1.24
Ammi majus L.	الخله الشيطانيه	Bishop’s Flower, Bishop’s weed	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-138	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/Boil about 30 g of fruits in 100 ml water for 5 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	98	68.06	0.68	1.19
Taraxacum syriacum Boiss.	هندباء	Silkweed	Compositae	Pharm-PCT-2396	Kidney stones	Roots/Boil about 300 g of the plant in 500 ml water. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given orally before each meal.	Decoction	95	65.97	0.66	1.16
Sambucus ebulus L.	البيلسان	Danewort	Adoxaceae	Pharm-PCT-2135	Enuresis, prostatic enlargement.	Leaves/Steep 200 g of the powdered leaves in 500 ml boiled water for 12 h. About 100 ml from this infusion is to be given three times daily.	Infusion	92	63.89	0.64	1.12
Morus alba L.	توت ابيض	White Mulberry	Moraceae	Pharm-PCT-2750	Kidney stones	Fruits/150 ml of fresh juice are to be given orally every two hours.	Juice	91	63.19	0.63	1.11
Zea mays L.	ذره	Maize	Poaceae	Pharm-PCT-2747	Prostatic enlargement, urinary tract infections	Flower stigmas (corn silk)	Infusion	72	50.00	0.58	1.02
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	شومر	Fennel	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-1041	Kidney stones, urinary tract infection	Fruits/ Boil about 50 g of the fruits in 50 ml water. 25 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	78	54.17	0.54	0.95
Daucus carota L.	جزر بري	Wild carrot	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-829	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/ Boil about 150 g of the powder in 600 ml water. About 150 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	69	47.92	0.48	0.84
Buddleja coriacea Remy	عفار	Butterfly bush	Scrophulariaceae	Pharm-PCT-2746	Enuresis	Flowers/Boil about 20 g of the flowers in 200 ml water. About 50 ml of this decoction is to be given once daily.	Infusion	67	46.53	0.47	0.82
Persea americana Mill.	افوكادو	Avocado	Lauraceae	Pharm-PCT-2740	Enuresis	Leaves/Boil about 50 g of leaves in 150 ml water for 5 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	66	45.83	0.46	0.80
Cucurbita pepo L.	قرع	Pumpkin	Cucurbitaceae	Pharm-PCT-2762	Prostatic enlargement	Seeds/ Boil about 100 g of the seeds in 600 ml water. About 50 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	66	45.83	0.46	0.80
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.	كنباث أفرع	Branched Horsetail	Equisetaceae	Pharm-PCT-915	Renal failure	Entire plant/ Boil about 50 g of the powder in 600 ml water. About 100 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	66	45.83	0.46	0.80
Ferula communis L.	كلخ	Common Giant Fennel	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-1016	Kidney stones	Fruits/Steep 50 g of the plant in 150 ml boiled water for 12 h. 10 ml from this infusion is to be given two times a day	Infusion	65	45.14	0.45	0.79
Rosa canina L.	ورد السياج	Rose hips, Dog-rose	Rosaceae	Pharm-PCT-2052	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/Boil about 70 g of leaves in 150 ml water for 15 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	65	45.14	0.45	0.79
Ficus sycomorus L.	جميز	Fig-Mulberry	Moraceae	Pharm-PCT-1030	Urinary tract infection, renal failure	Fruits/Extract 100 ml of juice to be given orally five times a day.	Juice	63	43.75	0.44	0.77
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss	بقدونس	Garden Parsley	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2739	Prostatic enlargement, urinary tract infections, kidney stones	Fruits/Boil about 100 g from the powdered fruits in 600 ml water. About 150 ml from this decoction is to be given 4–5 times daily.	Decoction	44	30.56	0.43	0.76
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.	الصمغ العربي	Arabic Gum	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-2755	Kidney stones	Gum/About 20 g of gum are to be given orally twice daily with a cup of milk.	Powder	61	42.36	0.42	0.74
Raphanus raphanistrum L.	فجل بري	Radish	Brassicaceae	Pharm-PCT-2007	Kidney stones	Seeds/ Boil about 250 g of the powder in 750 ml water. About 150 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	59	40.97	0.41	0.72
Olea europaea L.	زيتون	Olive	Oleaceae	Pharm-PCT-1664	Renal failure	Fruits/Three table spoons of Olive oil is to be given orally twice a day.	Oil	57	39.58	0.40	0.69
Apium graveolens L.	كرفس	Celery	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-204	Prostatic enlargement	Entire plant/Ten drops of Celery entire plant juice are to be given orally three times a day.	Juice	56	38.89	0.39	0.68
Astracantha gummifera (Labill.) Podlech	الكثيراء	Tragacanth	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-2754	Kidney stones	Gum/About 50 g of gum are to be given orally three times daily with 2 cups of water.	Powder	55	38.19	0.38	0.67
Urtica pilulifera L.	القريص الشائك	Roman Nettle	Urticaceae	Pharm-PCT-2561	Kidney stones, Urinary tract infections	Roots/Boil about 20 g of the powder in 100 ml water. About 30 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day.	Decoction	55	38.19	0.38	0.67
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.	عنب الدب	Bearberry	Ericaceae	Pharm-PCT-2705	Urinary tract infection	Leaves/Boil about 90 g from the dried leaves in 400 ml water. About 50 ml from this decoction is to be given 3–5 times daily.	Decoction	55	38.19	0.38	0.67
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl	قرفه	Cinnamon	Lauraceae	Pharm-PCT-2707	Prostatic enlargement	Bark/ Boil about 80 g from the dried powdered plant in 400 ml water. About 50 ml from this decoction is to be given 3–5 times daily.	Decoction	54	37.50	0.38	0.66
Angelica archangelica L.	حشيشة الملاك	Wild Celery	Apiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2758	Kidney stones	Roots/Boil about 100 g from the dried powdered plant in 500 ml water. About 50 ml from this decoction is to be given 4–5 times daily.	Decoction	51	35.42	0.35	0.62
Lolium temulentum L.	زوان مسكر	Darnel	Poaceae	Pharm-PCT-1453	Enuresis	Seeds/Boil about 200 g from the dried powdered plant in 500 ml water. About 100 ml from this decoction is to be given twice daily.	Decoction	44	30.56	0.31	0.54
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	سموه	Ashwagandha	Solanaceae	Pharm-PCT-2678	Kidney stones	Roots/Boil about 50 g of the powder in 100 ml water. About 50 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	43	29.86	0.30	0.52
Origanum jordanicum Danin & Kunne	زعتر	Thyme	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-1729	Kidney stones	Leaves/Boil about 60 g of leaves in 200 ml water for 5 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	42	29.17	0.29	0.51
Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.	جرجير بري	Rocketcress	Brassicaceae	Pharm-PCT-2757	Urinary tract infection	Leaves/Steep 40 g of the powdered leaves in 100 ml water for12 hours. About 30 ml from this infusion is to be given three times daily.	Infusion	42	29.17	0.29	0.51
Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers	ساق الحمام	Calumba	Menispermaceae	Pharm-PCT-2753	Urinary infections	Flowers/Steep 200 g of the powdered flowers in 800 ml water for 8 h. About 50 ml from this infusion is to be given three times daily.	Infusion	40	27.78	0.28	0.49
Viola kitaibeliana Schult.	بنفسج	Dwarf Pansy	Violaceae	Pharm-PCT-2656	Kidney stones	Seeds/About 10 drops of seeds oil is to be given orally twice daily.	Oil	35	24.31	0.24	0.43
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.	عرق السوس	Licorice	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-1128	Enuresis	Roots/Steep 50 g of the powdered roots in 300 ml water for 12 h. About 100 ml from this infusion is to be given four times daily.	Infusion	34	23.61	0.24	0.41
Ocimum basilicum L.	ريحان	Basil	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2717	Kidney stones	Leaves/Steep100 grams of the powdered leaves in 400 ml water for 6 h. About 50 ml from this infusion is to be given five times daily.	Infusion	32	22.22	0.22	0.39
Hypericum perforatum L.	سانت جون	St John’s Wort	Hypericaceae	Pharm-PCT-2734	Kidney stones	Flowers Boil about 30 g of plant in 100 ml water for 25 min. This decoction is to be given three times a day after meals.	Decoction	32	22.22	0.22	0.39
Fragaria vesca L.	فراوله	Strawberry	Rosaceae	Pharm-PCT-2763	Urinary tract infection	Fruits/ Extract 150 ml of juice to be given orally four times a day.	Juice	29	20.14	0.20	0.35
Cyperus longus L.	بردي	Sweet Cyperus	Cyperaceae	Pharm-PCT-808	Renal failure	Entire plant/ Boil about 10 g from the dried powdered plant in 100 ml water. About 20 ml from this decoction is to be given 5–6 times daily.	Decoction	22	15.28	0.15	0.27
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.	حنظل	Bitter apple	Cucurbitaceae	Pharm-PCT-628	Kidney stones	Seed/ Steep 40 g of the grounded seeds in 100 ml water for 12 h. 25 ml from this infusion is to be given three times a day	Infusion	21	14.58	0.15	0.26
Brassica nigra (L.) K.Koch	خردل اسود	Black mustard	Brassicaceae	Pharm-PCT-408	Kidney stones	Seeds/ Steep 50 g of the powder in 300 ml water for four hours. 100 ml of this infusion is to be given 4–5 times a day.	Infusion	18	12.50	0.13	0.22
Helichrysum sanguineum (L.) Kostel.	دم المسيح	Red everlasting	Compositae	Pharm-PCT-1170	Renal failure	Entire plant/ Steep 100 g of the powdered plant in 100 ml water for 8 h. About 30 ml from this infusion is to be given three times a day.	Infusion	17	11.81	0.12	0.21
Lupinus angustifolius L.	الترمس ضيق الأوراق	Blue lupin	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-1477	Urinary tract infection	Roots/ Boil 50 g of the roots in 500 ml water for 30 min. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given twice a day.	Decoction	16	11.11	0.11	0.19
Phaseolus vulgaris L.	فاصولياء	Common Bean	Leguminosae	Pharm-PCT-2748	Renal failure	Seeds/ Boil about 40 g of the seeds in 500 ml water. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given three times a day with meals.	Decoction	13	9.03	0.09	0.16
Vitex agnus-castus L.	كف مريم	Chaste Tree	Lamiaceae	Pharm-PCT-2663	Renal failure	Fruits/ Extract 200 ml of juice to be given orally five times a day.	Juice	13	9.03	0.09	0.16
Prunus avium (L.) L.	كرز حلو	Wild cherry	Rosaceae	Pharm-PCT-2751	Kidney stones	Fruits/ About 100 ml of fresh Wild Cherry juice are to be given orally four times a day.	Juice	8	5.56	0.06	0.10
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.	قصب بري	Common Reed	Poaceae	Pharm-PCT-1843	Renal failure	Roots/ Boil about 200 g of the roots in 500 ml water. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given four times a day.	Decoction	8	5.56	0.06	0.10
Malvella sherardiana (L.) Jaub. & Spach	خبيزة بريه	Field Mallow	Malvaceae	Pharm-PCT-1508	Renal failure	Leaves/ Steep 20 g of the powdered leaves in 150 ml water for 2–3 h. About 50 ml from this infusion is to be given three times daily.	Infusion	7	4.86	0.05	0.09
Capsicum annuum L.	الفليفلة الشجيرية	Chili pepper	Solanaceae	Pharm-PCT-2729	Urinary tract infections	Fruits/ About 10 g of ground dried fruits are to be given orally twice daily with a cup of water.	Powder	7	4.86	0.05	0.09
Carica papaya L.	ببايا	Papaya	Caricaceae	Pharm-PCT-2761	Kidney stones	Seeds/ About 10 g of ground seeds are to be given orally twice daily.	Powder	5	3.47	0.03	0.06

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