From: Complementary and alternative medicine use and absenteeism among individuals with chronic disease
CAM useb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary supplements | Mind-body practices | |||
n (weighted %) | p-valuea | n (weighted %) | p-value a | |
Chronic conditionb | ||||
High Cholesterol | 3516 (49.7) | 0.26 | 711 (40.9) | <0.0001 |
Arthritis | 2609 (35.1) | 0.23 | 638 (34.2) | 0.92 |
Hypertension | 2395 (46.0) | 0.06 | 433 (22.1) | <0.0001 |
Cancer | 852 (11.3) | 0.81 | 248 (12.5) | 0.45 |
Depression | 1242 (15.3) | 0.65 | 503 (25.2) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | 880 (11.8) | 0.67 | 107 (5.8) | <0.0001 |
Asthma | 597 (8.0) | 0.97 | 252 (12.9) | <0.0001 |
Hepatitis | 350 (3.9) | 0.67 | 106 (4.1) | 0.85 |
Coronary heart disease | 175 (2.4) | 0.26 | 35 (2.1) | 0.4 |
COPD | 134 (1.5) | 0.53 | 32 (2.1) | 0.55 |
Substance Abuse | 109 (1.2) | 0.5 | 47 (2.2) | 0.04 |
Kidney Disease | 93 (1.1) | 0.38 | 16 (0.6) | 0.15 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
White | 5058 (76.5) | ref | 1393 (80.3) | ref |
African American | 837 (9.1) | 0.74 | 145 (5.8) | 0.004 |
Hispanic | 927 (9.5) | 0.96 | 166 (7.0) | 0.0002 |
Asian/Other | 514 (4.9) | 0.26 | 146 (6.9( | 0.44 |
Ageb | 0.003 | 0.0005 | ||
18-24 | 679 (12.5) | 190 (12.4) | ||
25-34 | 1002 (13.1) | 374 (18.7) | ||
35-44 | 1369 (18.0) | 371 (18.6) | ||
45-54 | 1957 (27.6) | 453 (26.8) | ||
55-65 | 2345 (28.9) | 462 (23.5) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 3040 (44.2) | ref | 648 (38.6) | ref |
Female | 4312 (55.8) | <0.0001 | 1202 (61.4) | <0.0001 |
Household income | ||||
<$35,000 | 1405 (13.6) | ref | 384 (14.5) | ref |
$35,000-$74,999 | 2333 (31.1) | 0.04 | 523 (25.8) | 0.03 |
$75,000-$99,999 | 1168 (17.3) | 0.88 | 261 (14.8) | 0.14 |
$100,000+ | 2145 (38.0) | 0.72 | 640 (45.0) | 0.11 |
Education | ||||
Did not complete high school | 552 (7.2) | ref | 67 (3.2) | ref |
High school diploma or GED | 1634 (22.8) | 0.21 | 246 (15.5) | 0.01 |
Associate's degree/some college | 2572 (35.4) | 0.005 | 618 (33.2) | <0.0001 |
Bachelor's degree | 1593 (21.5) | 0.005 | 511 (27.5) | <0.0001 |
Advanced degree | 973 (13.2) | <0.0001 | 402 (20.6) | <0.0001 |
BMIc | 0.003 | <0.0001 | ||
Underweight | 1148 (15.4) | 225 (10.6) | ||
Normal | 1856 (24.9) | 671 (34.9) | ||
Overweight | 2541 (35.2) | 640 (36.0) | ||
Obese | 1807 (24.5) | 314 (18.5) | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 2068 (28.5) | ref | 646 (33.6) | ref |
Married | 4100 (61.8) | 0.06 | 919 (57.0) | <0.0001 |
Divorced/Separated | 1032 (8.7) | 0.28 | 250 (8.3) | 0.01 |
Widowed | 138 (1.1) | 0.15 | 34 (1.1) | 0.23 |
Smoking status | ||||
Never | 4167 (57.3) | ref | 993 (54.1) | ref |
Former | 1915 (27.1) | 0.85 | 525 (30.5) | 0.08 |
Current | 1255 (15.7) | <0.0001 | 326 (15.4) | 0.24 |
Alcohol consumptiond | ||||
Abstainer | 968 (15.1) | ref | 196 (12.9) | ref |
Light Drinker | 1728 (26.4) | 0.85 | 428 (25.2) | 0.53 |
Moderate Drinker | 1267 (20.6) | 0.67 | 332 (21.9) | 0.17 |
Heavy Drinker | 2434 (37.9) | 0.52 | 722 (40.0) | 0.10 |
Chronic conditionsc | 0.19 | 0.06 | ||
1 | 3901 (53.2) | 1070 (58.3) | ||
2 | 2021 (28.4) | 470 (26.3) | ||
3+ | 1430 (18.4) | 310 (15.4) | ||
Surgery in past 12 months | ||||
No | 6235 (85.3) | ref | 1538 (82.5) | ref |
Yes | 1114 (14.7) | 0.67 | 310 (17.5) | 0.11 |
Paid sick days | ||||
No | 2711 (37.7) | ref | 722 (39.4) | ref |
Yes | 4624 (62.3) | 0.13 | 1126 (60.6) | 0.75 |
General health | ||||
Excellent | 1778 (26.5) | ref | 515 (31.8) | ref |
Very good | 2617 (35.5) | 0.55 | 709 (36.1) | 0.07 |
Good | 2239 (29.5) | 0.79 | 474 (24.8) | 0.0001 |
Fair/Poor | 712 (8.5) | 0.06 | 149 (7.2) | ref |
Health insurance | ||||
No | 1000 (12.5) | ref | 281 (13.9) | ref |
Yes | 6352 (87.5) | 0.01 | 1569 (86.1) | 0.76 |
Number of employees | ||||
0 to 9 | 1803 (25.4) | ref | 511 (29.9) | ref |
10 to 249 | 1705 (23.4) | 0.94 | 398 (23.0) | 0.14 |
50 to 249 | 1697 (22.7) | 0.57 | 423 (21.6) | 0.10 |
249 to 9999 | 869 (12.8) | 0.69 | 185 (10.9) | 0.04 |
1000+ | 1095 (15.7) | 0.05 | 282 (14.6) | 0.26 |
Class of worker | ||||
Private company | 5192 (83.3) | ref | 1285 (82.1) | ref |
Government | 284 (4.4) | 0.33 | 71 (3.4) | 0.42 |
Self-employed | 713 (12.3) | 0.01 | 207 (14.5) | 0.03 |
Reasons for CAM useb | ||||
General wellness | 1980 (27.3) | <0.0001 | 855 (45.0) | <0.0001 |
Improve energy | 49 (0.5) | <0.0001 | 38 (1.5) | <0.0001 |
Improve immune function | 184 (2.3) | <0.0001 | 64 (3.0) | 0.004 |
Improve athletic/sports performance | 159 (2.4) | <0.0001 | 101 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
Improve memory/concentration | 80 (1.4) | <0.0001 | 33 (2.7) | 0.0003 |