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Table 3 Effect of FXM and its fractions on carrageenan induced paw edema in rat

From: Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies

Treatment

Dose/route

Mean paw volume before carrageenan injection

Increase in paw volume (ml) after carrageenan injection (Mean ± SD)/Percent inhibition of edema

   

+1 h

+2 h

+3 h

+4 h

Saline

2 ml, i.p.

1.12 ± 0.08

2.58 ± 0.09

2.67 ± 0.09

2.21 ± 0.09

1.81 ± 0.11

FXM

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.11 ± 0.08

2.52 ± 0.06

2.30 ± 0.09

2.12 ± 0.20

1.48 ± 0.08

   

5.88 ± 1.99c

19.72 ± 2.39cde

35.84 ± 12.89cd

45.28 ± 4.02bc

FXM

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.17 ± 0.09

2.44 ± 0.04

2.05 ± 0.06

1.92 ± 0.04

1.45 ± 0.06

   

15.34 ± 7.95b

41.07 ± 5.00b

52.51 ± 8.30b

58.52 ± 8.19b

FXH

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.15 ± 0.08

2.61 ± 0.08

2.56 ± 0.09

2.51 ± 0.11

1.71 ± 0.08

   

2.84 ± 2.42c

4.99 ± 3.22g

13.44 ± 5.41e

18.81 ± 2.21e

FXH

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.11 ± 0.05

2.55 ± 0.05

2.33 ± 0.06

2.32 ± 0.05

1.61 ± 0.04

   

3.96 ± 2.28c

17.89 ± 2.03de

23.29 ± 4.53de

27.88 ± 6.75de

FXC

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.14 ± 0.06

2.58 ± 0.06

2.21 ± 0.06

2.06 ± 0.13

1.53 ± 0.08

   

3.85 ± 1.85c

28.28 ± 3.11c

42.12 ± 7.49bc

43.57 ± 5.21bc

FXC

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.09 ± 0.04

2.17 ± 0.04

1.71 ± 0.03

1.53 ± 0.04

1.25 ± 0.04

   

29.19 ± 4.60a

59.67 ± 3.23a

73.29 ± 2.65a

77.64 ± 3.04a

FXE

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.12 ± 0.07

2.59 ± 0.06

2.47 ± 0.04

2.34 ± 0.06

1.55 ± 0.08

   

1.71 ± 0.82c

8.76 ± 3.66fg

22.32 ± 6.02de

36.22 ± 8.23cd

FXE

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.12 ± 0.06

2.56 ± 0.07

2.25 ± 0.05

2.18 ± 0.05

1.49 ± 0.05

   

4.08 ± 1.78c

23.60 ± 2.10cd

32.38 ± 4.66cd

45.77 ± 4.22bc

FXB

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.11 ± 0.06

2.59 ± 0.04

2.50 ± 0.05

2.32 ± 0.07

1.62 ± 0.07

   

1.49 ± 1.71c

6.25 ± 1.15fg

23.07 ± 4.45de

25.68 ± 3.08de

FXB

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.11 ± 0.06

2.55 ± 0.07

2.30 ± 0.06

2.19 ± 0.08

1.52 ± 0.06

   

3.63 ± 1.31c

19.84 ± 3.34cde

31.08 ± 5.33cd

39.89 ± 7.36cd

FXA

100 mg/kg, p.o.

1.10 ± 0.06

2.58 ± 0.06

2.48 ± 0.09

2.50 ± 0.08

1.70 ± 0.05

   

1.60 ± 1.16c

7.05 ± 2.71fg

11.17 ± 2.82e

13.18 ± 3.04e

FXA

200 mg/kg, p.o.

1.12 ± 0.06

2.59 ± 0.05

2.39 ± 0.04

2.36 ± 0.07

1.63 ± 0.01

   

1.82 ± 1.64c

14.47 ± 4.31ef

20.80 ± 2.55de

24.94 ± 7.76de

Diclofenac sodium

10 mg/kg, i.p.

1.13 ± 0.08

2.57 ± 0.05

1.63 ± 0.05

1.46 ± 0.08

1.24 ± 0.04

   

4.08 ± 2.47c

67.32 ± 4.25a

80.54 ± 2.61a

85.23 ± 7.71a

  1. FXM F. xanthoxyloides methanol extract, FXH F. xanthoxyloides n-hexanefraction, FXC F. xanthoxyloides chloroform fraction, FXE F. xanthoxyloides ethyl acetate fraction, FXB F. xanthoxyloides n-butanol fraction, FXA F. xanthoxyloides residual aqueous fraction. Data values shown represent mean ± SD (n = 6). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison tests. Percentage inhibition is shown in brackets. Different superscript alphabets in each column indicate difference at P <0.05