Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies

Younis, Tahira; Khan, Muhammad Rashid; Sajid, Moniba; Majid, Muhammad; Zahra, Zartash; Shah, Naseer Ali

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1189-7

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 Effect of FXM and its fractions in hot plate test

From: Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies

Treatment	Dose/route	Mean latency time in seconds	Increase in latency time (seconds) after various dosages (Mean ± SD)/Percent analgesia
		0 min	30 min	60 min	120 min
Saline	2 ml, i.p.	8.83 ± 0.75	10.33 ± 0.51	9.83 ± 0.40	9.50 ± 0.44
			7.03 ± 2.41^e	4.65 ± 2.87^h	3.03 ± 2.69ⁱ
FXM	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.33 ± 0.51	13.00 ± 0.89	15.50 ± 0.54	17.00 ± 0.63
			17.61 ± 6.27^c	29.80 ± 3.19^e	37.10 ± 2.44^cd
FXM	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.66 ± 1.03	16.50 ± 0.54	21.33 ± 1.03	23.66 ± 1.03
			33.46 ± 4.41^b	57.35 ± 4.72^c	68.72 ± 5.71^b
FXH	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.50 ± 0.54	10.33 ± 0.51	12.00 ± 0.89	13.66 ± 0.51
			4.00 ± 3.59^de	12.10 ± 5.78^fgh	20.31 ± 1.77^fgh
FXH	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.50 ± 0.54	10.66 ± 0.51	13.66 ± 0.51	15.66 ± 0.51
			5.63 ± 3.56^de	20.31 ± 1.77^ef	30.00 ± 4.08^def
FXC	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.16 ± 0.75	12.33 ± 0.51	15.00 ± 0.89	18.00 ± 0.89
			15.13 ± 3.23^cd	27.99 ± 3.46^e	42.33 ± 4.83^c
FXC	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.00 ± 0.63	15.66 ± 0.51	18.66 ± 0.51	25.00 ± 0.89
			31.69 ± 3.14^b	45.99 ± 3.89^d	76.13 ± 4.49^ab
FXE	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.66 ± 0.51	12.00 ± 0.89	12.33 ± 0.51	13.33 ± 0.51
			11.46 ± 4.01^cde	13.05 ± 3.72^fgh	18.01 ± 2.37^fgh
FXE	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.66 ± 0.81	12.33 ± 0.51	14.66 ± 0.51	16.66 ± 0.89
			13.02 ± 3.81^cd	24.54 ± 2.44^e	34.39 ± 3.24^cde
FXB	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.33 ± 1.03	10.33 ± 0.72	12.33 ± 0.51	14.00 ± 0.89
			4.60 ± 2.11d^e	14.42 ± 2.43^fg	22.53 ± 3.36^fgh
FXB	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.83 ± 0.75	11.16 ± 0.89	12.83 ± 0.51	15.00 ± 0.89
			5.63 ± 3.42^de	10.59 ± 6.40^gh	25.53 ± 5.14^efg
FXA	100 mg/kg, p.o.	9.50 ± 0.54	9.66 ± 0.51	11.66 ± 0.51	12.33 ± 0.51
			3.75 ± 0.65^c	10.47 ± 4.55^gh	13.77 ± 3.41^h
FXA	200 mg/kg, p.o.	9.00 ± 0.89	10.33 ± 0.51	12.00 ± 0.89	13.66 ± 1.03
			6.13 ± 4.21^cde	14.30 ± 1.61^fg	22.25 ± 2.68^fgh
Diclofenac sodium	10 mg/kg, i.p.	9.83 ± 0.75	21.66 ± 0.51	26.66 ± 1.51	26.66 ± 1.62
			58.69 ± 1.45^a	83.51 ± 4.21^a	83.39 ± 5.07^a
Morphine	10 mg/kg, i.p.	9.33 ± 0.51	20.16 ± 0.75	23.66 ± 0.81	23.00 ± 0.89
			52.34 ± 4.59^a	69.36 ± 3.84^b	66.03 ± 5.13^b

FXM F. xanthoxyloides methanol extract, FXH F. xanthoxyloides n-hexanefraction, FXC F. xanthoxyloides chloroform fraction, FXE F. xanthoxyloides ethyl acetate fraction, FXB F. xanthoxyloides n-butanol fraction, FXA F. xanthoxyloides residual aqueous fraction. Data values shown represent mean ± SD (n = 6). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison tests. Percentage analgesia is shown in brackets. Different alphabets in each column indicate difference at P <0.05

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