Herbal medicine use and linked suspected adverse drug reactions in a prospective cohort of Ugandan inpatients

Table 3 Suspected ADRs linked to the use of herbal medicines in the 4-weeks prior to hospital admission

Pt No.	Herbal medicine	Suspected ADR	Serious	Causality	Ward	Working diagnosis
Experienced herbal medicine-related suspected ADRs only
1.	Mumbwa	Abdominal pain with associated contractions	Yes	Probable	GYN	Complete abortion, Urinary tract infection, Inevitable abortion
2.a)	Nanda stick	Vaginal bleeding	No	Possible	GYN	Septic abortion
2.a)	Nanda stick	Dysuria	Yes	Possible
2.b)	Local herbs	Diarrhoea	Yes	Possible
2.b)	Local herbs	Lower abdominal pain	Yes	Possible
Experienced other non-herbal medicine-related suspected ADRs
3.	Nanda	Bloody vomitus	Yes	Possible	GYN	Missed abortion, gastrointestinal infection
3.	Nanda	Bloody diarrhoea	Yes	Possible	GYN	Missed abortion, gastrointestinal infection
4.	Unknown liquid	Hyponatremia	Yes	Possible	CPN	Acute kidney injury secondary to toxins from herb, glomerular nephritis, severe anaemia
		Abdominal distension	No	Possible
		Anaemia^a	Yes	Possible

Source of herbal medicines: patient no. 1 - Auntie; patient no. 2 - sister, patient no. 3 - self-medication, and patient no. 4 - traditional herbalist. Except for vaginally inserted nanda stick, all other herbal remedies were taken orally
^aADR causation was also linked to ceftriaxone and/or captopril use

ISSN: 2662-7671