Fig. 5

Protective effects of PMC-12 on cellular Ca²⁺-related ROS production in HT22 cells. Cells were pretreated with 10 μg/ml of PMC-12 for 24 h, followed by exposure to 5 mM glutamate for 24 h. Cells were treated with the specific Ca²⁺ inhibitors, 1.5 mM EGTA or 10 μM BAPTA-AM, for 30 min before addition of PMC-12 or glutamate. ROS production was measured using a fluorescence plate reader and mean fluorescence intensity was expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ^###P < 0.001 vs. control; ***P < 0.001 vs. glutamate-treated cells