Figure 1

Effect of COE on IL-1β and TNF-α-induced FLSs migration and invasion. (A) FLSs were incubated with the indicated concentrations of COE in serum containing medium for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 versus normal control group. (B) FLSs were incubated with the indicated concentrations of COE for 24 h. Cells were harvested and the cell cycle distribution in the sub-G1 phase was determined by FCM analysis. ^* P < 0.05 versus normal control group. The migration (C) and invasion (D) abilities of FLSs were determined by cell migration and invasion assays. FLSs were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of COE for 1 h. Then, FLSs were allowed to migrate with or without IL-1β (10 ng/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), or IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 48 h, respectively. The number of migrating and invasive cells in each chamber was plotted as the mean ± SD in three independent experiments. The results were analysed by ANOVA. ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01 versus normal control group, ^◆ P < 0.05, ^◆◆ P < 0.01 versus IL-1β and TNF-α combination-treated group.