Figure 2From: Study protocol for patient response to spinal manipulation – a prospective observational clinical trial on physiological and patient-centered outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain Illustration of EMG electrode placement (A) and example EMG and motion signals (B). Root-mean-square (RMS) EMG data and motion data are scaled according to the maximum of RMS EMG data (B). B contains 3 cycles of flexion (B1), holding in position while fully flexed (B2), and extension (B3).Back to article page