Figure 3
Fluorescence staining showing sperm plasma membrane integrity in each group. The green fluorescence indicates the intact plasma membrane (red arrow), and the red or yellow fluorescence reflects damaged plasma membrane (white arrow). The number of sperm cells with the intact plasma membranes was significantly lower in the natural aging group (B), while the number of sperm cells with intact plasma membranes was higher in the young control group (A), the Shouwu pill group (D), Heshouwuyin group 1 (E) and Heshouwuyin group 2 (C), compared with the natural aging group. Scale bar, 50 μm.